除草剂对小豆田间杂草防效和产量的影响

探索除草剂对小豆田禾本科和阔叶杂草的防效以及对小豆产量的影响,可为小豆高产栽培提供技术支撑。以小豆品种唐红0809-1为试材,以不除草和人工除草为对照,研究了2类5种除草剂对小豆田杂草的防效,以及对小豆农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:2种土壤处理除草剂均对小豆出苗产生一定程度的药害,表现为出苗晚且不整齐、叶片卷曲等,其中,75%噻吩磺隆WG+960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC土壤处理苗期药害较轻,叶片卷曲症状随着小豆的生长而逐渐得到缓解;3种茎叶处理除草剂对小豆苗期生长产生的影响不同,其中,15%精稳杀得EC处理未观察到对小豆产生药害,15%乙羧氟草醚EC+15%精稳杀得EC处理药害较轻。除草剂对小豆产量影响最大;对不同农艺性状的影响程度差别较大,其中,对主茎分枝数、单株荚数和株高影响较大,对其他性状影响不明显。综合分析不同除草剂的防效、药害和小豆产量情况,认为小豆田理想的除草措施是用15%乙羧氟草醚EC+15%精稳杀得EC在小豆出苗后进行茎叶喷施,该处理下,小豆药害较轻,施药5 d后药害症状基本缓解,生长恢复正常;可兼防除两类杂草,对禾本科杂草的株防效为85.8%、鲜重防效为90.3%,对阔叶类杂草的株防效为90.8%、鲜重防效为92.6%;小豆产量最高,达到了1 291.8 kg/hm~2,较人工除草对照增产32.9%。

Effects of Herbicides on Weed Control and Agronomic Traits of Adzuki Bean

The effects of five herbicide application on weeds control and agronomic traits of adzuki bean were studied in randomized block experiments. The results showed that herbicides-treated soil caused phy-totoxicity including late and un-simultaneous germination and curled leaves. Among different herbicides, 75% thifensulfuron-methyl WG+960 g/L metolachlor EC induced less severe damages and the adverse ef-fects of curled leaves can be alleviated as plants got mature. Effects of different foliage herbicides treat-ment on adzuki bean seedling growth was different, among them, there was no phytotoxicity observed of 15% fluazifop-p-butyl EC treated on adzuki bean, and 15% fluoroglycofen-ethyl EC+15% fluazifop-p-butyl EC induced less severe damages. Effects of herbicides on the yield of adzuki bean was maximum, and on the numbers of branches,pod number per plant and plant height were all greater. Finally,it was concluded that the foliage treatment with 15% fluoroglycofen EC+15% fluazifop-p-butyl EC was the best way to control weeds when taking the weed control effects, phytotoxicity on adzuki bean and yield in-crease into consideration,under the treatment,the control effect of plant and fresh weight to grassy weeds were 85.8% and 90.3%, which to broad leaved weeds were 90.8% and 92.6%, respectively, the yield was maximum,which reached 1 291.8 kg/hm2,increaced by 32.9% compared with artificial weeding.