昆虫抗寒性的研究进展

由于季节的变化,生活在温带和寒带的昆虫在生活史中都要面临冬季低温的制约。为繁衍后代,昆虫在长期的进化过程中,形成了一系列的适应对策和抗寒机制。本文综述了昆虫的越冬虫态、生态适应性、抗寒的生理生化及分子机理,包括过冷却点、体内含水量、冰核物质、抗寒性物质变化等抗寒机制,特别是对近年来引起关注的抗冻蛋白和热激蛋白的基因、结构、功能等的研究进展进行了综述,最后探讨了昆虫抗寒性研究与预测预报及害虫综合防治的关系。

Research progresses in the cold hardiness of insects

With the change of seasons, insects which live in temperate zones and frigid zones are restricted by low temperature in winter during their lives. For breeding, insects have formed a series of adaptation strategies and cold hardiness mechanism in the long-term evolution process. In this paper, we summarized the overwintering sta-ges, ecological adaptability, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and molecular mechanisms of insect cold hardiness, including the changes in supercooling points, water-containing in the body, ice nuclei agents and accu-mulation of cryoprotective substances in insect cold hardiness. Especially, we described the advances in recent research on genes, structures and functions of antifreezing proteins and heat shock proteins. At last, the relation-ships between insect cold hardiness and insect predictive forecast and insect integrated management were discussed.