我国木麻黄种质资源引种与保存

木麻黄科有4个属96个种,天然分布于澳大利亚、东南亚和太平洋群岛,垂直分布于海平面潮线开始至海拔3000m以上的高山。目前,我国引种木麻黄已有：107a的历史,但加世纪80年代中期,我国才开始系统地从事木麻黄种质资源引种工作,开展了木麻黄种质资源收集、保存,优良种源、家系筛选,无性繁殖、共生菌等研究。到目前为止,在我国海南、广东、福建、浙江和广西等省区,引进了2个属(Gasuarina,Allocasuarina)、23个木麻黄种、200多个种源和260多个家系,通过试验筛选出了一些适合不同立地的优良树种、种源或家系,其中短枝木麻黄和山地木麻黄为全分布区种源。加世纪90年代以来,对异木麻黄属树种,进行了重点引进,共引进了10余种异木麻黄属植物,增加了我国木麻黄遗传资源,并对主要木麻黄种质资源进行了保存和利用。引进的木麻黄树种包括田野木麻黄、迪尔斯木麻黄、双针木麻黄、费雷泽木麻黄、休格尔木麻黄、矮木麻黄、滨海木麻黄、利曼氏木麻黄、纳纳木麻黄、沼泽木麻黄、小松木麻黄、多纹木麻黄、森林木麻黄、轮生木麻黄、山神木麻黄、鸡冠木麻黄、细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄、大木麻黄、山地木麻黄、肥木木麻黄、小齿木麻黄。论文着重介绍了我国木麻黄种质资源的引种驯化历史、研究、保存现状等。

Introduction and Conservation of Casuarina Trees in China

There are four genera and 96 species belonging to Casuarinaceae. The four genera are Casuarina, Allocasuarina, Ceuthostoma and Gymnostoma. Casuarina plants are naturally distributed in Australia, Southeast Asia and archipelagos in Pacific Ocean, with altitude from sea level to over 3 000 meters. Although casuarina trees were introduced into China in 1897, it was in mid 1980s that casuarina trees began to be introduced into China systematically. Then casuarinas genetic resources were collected, reserved and selected in provenance/family/clone levels. And some relative research had been developed on clonal propagation, symbiotic microbe, and so on. Up to now, 2 genera, 23 tree species, more than 200 provenances, 260 families and a lot of clones were introduced into China. By a series of field experiments, some better species, provenances and families for different sites in southern China were screened out, of which genetic resources of Casuarina equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana was in whole naturally distributed regions of provenances and secondary provenances. Since 1990, introduction of Allocasuarina tree species have been paid more attentions to, more than 10 tree species have been introduced into China and have been tested in southern China and southwestern China, which enriched Chinese casuarinas genetic resources. Now the casuarinas tree species introduced are as follows: Allocasuarina campestris, A. dielsiana, A. distyla, A. fraseriana, A. huegeliana, A. humilis, A. littoralis, A. luehmannii, A. nana, A. paludosa, A. pinaster, A. striata, A. torulosa, A. verticillata, Casuarina collina, C. cristata, C. cunninghamiana, C. equisetifolia, C. glauca, C. grandis, C. junghuhniana, C. obesa and C. oligodon. In this paper, casuarinas introduction history, current research, conservation and utilization were reported.