黑龙江省空中水资源的时空分布特征

应用黑龙江省80个气象台站1960～2007年的逐日气象资料,分析了黑龙江省整层大气可降水量和自然降水效率的时空分布特征。结果表明,黑龙江省大气可降水量分布区域差异较大,总体上呈现由南向北递减的分布趋势;自然降水率分布存在明显的差异,大兴安岭北部、小兴安岭山脉及其南端年平均降水效率相对较高,大庆、齐齐哈尔南部、绥化南部较小;全省年大气可降水量存在不规则波动,年际变化不大;年大气可降水量主要集中在夏秋两季,占全年的78.2%;大气可降水量的月际变化呈单峰结构,全年的整层大气可降水量主要集中在5～10月,占全年的84.2%。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Resources in the Air in Heilongjiang Province

The integrated stratus of atmospheric precipitation and the temporal and spatial distribution of natural precipitation efficiency were analyzed using the daily meteorological data collected by 80 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2007 in Heilongjiang Province.Distribution of atmospheric precipitation which decreased from south to north had a large regional difference in Heilongjiang Province.Distribution of natural precipitation also had a large regional difference.The average annual precipitation efficiency was relatively higher in the northern Daxinganling,Xiaoxing'an and its southern area but relatively less in the south of Daqing,Qiqihar and Suihua.The atmospheric precipitation fluctuated irregularly without large annual variations.The atmospheric precipitation concentrated in summer and fall and accounted for 78.2% of annual precipitation.The monthly atmospheric precipitation showed a single peak structure,and the annual integrated stratus of atmospheric precipitation was concentrated from May to October accounting for 84.2% to annual precipitation.