APP-PER-MEL阻燃剂对竹粉/PP复合材料性能的影响

采用硅烷包覆型聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂，对竹粉/聚丙烯（PP）复合材料进行阻燃改性，研究APP的用量对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响；基于APP的最佳用量，以APP、季戊四醇（PER）和三聚氰胺（MEL）作为膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR），研究APP、PER和MEL的互配比例对复合材料阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着APP用量的增加，复合材料的阻燃性能不断增强，但弯曲和拉伸强度下降。当APP用量为复合材料总质量的15%时，其综合性能较佳，与未阻燃复合材料相比，极限氧指数（LOI）由17.1%提高至21.5%，弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度（NIS）分别增强14.8%和32.2%，弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别降低9.3%和28.8%。当APP、PER和MEL的互配比例为3∶1∶1时，添加15% IFR的复合材料的力学性能总体增强，与未阻燃复合材料相比，弯曲强度、弯曲模量和NIS分别增强18.1%、20.0%和23.3%，仅拉伸强度降低10%。锥形量热仪和极限氧指数仪结果显示，IFR阻燃复合材料的热释放速率、热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别降低56.7%、40.2%和30.5%；LOI提高至25.9%，复合材料的阻燃性能进一步改善，但是，总产烟量增大了16.7%，该IFR的添加对复合材料的持久抑烟效果不佳。

Effects of Ammonium Polyphosphate-Pentaerythritol-Melamine Flame Retardant on the Properties of Bamboo Powder/Polypropylene Composites

To improve the flame retardant performance of bamboo powder/polypropylene (PP) composites,the silane-coated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as flame retardant,and the effects of the APP amount on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites were studied.Additionally,the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was prepared by melt blending with pentaerythritol (PER),melamine (MEL),and APP,and the effects of the compounding ratio of APP,PER,and MEL on the composite flame retardant and mechanical properties were also investigated.The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased with the increase of APP amount,but the bending and tensile strength decreased.Compared with the untreated composite,the LOI of the composite with 15% APP loading increased from 17.1% to 21.5%,increased by 25.7%,and the flexural modulus and notched impact strength enhanced by14.8% and 32.2%,respectively,and the flexural and tensile strength decreased by 9.3% and 28.8%,respectively.The optimal mass ratio of APP,PER,and MEL was 3∶1∶1 for which the composite overall mechanical properties were enhanced,and the bending strength,flexural modulus and notched impact strength increased by 18.1%,20.0%,and 23.3%,respectively,and the tensile strength only decreased by 10%.The cone calorimeter test results showed that the average heat release rate (HRR) decreased from 465.7 to 201.6 kW/m²,decreased by 56.7%,and the total heat release (THR) decreased from 237.9 to 165.3 MJ/m²,decreased by 40.2%,and the LOI increased to 25.9%,increased by 51.5%.But the total smoke production (TSP) increased by 16.7%；the IFR had no positive effects on endurable smoke suppression.