木材DNA条形码鉴定研究进展

木材种属鉴定具备显著的生物学与经济意义, 但传统的以显微特征观察为主的方法已不能适应高通量和精细化鉴别的需要。DNA条形码是根据特定基因片段的序列差异, 利用生物信息学技术对生物物种进行快速分类与鉴别的方法。近年来, DNA条形码技术已被陆续应用于木本植物及相应木材的种质鉴定, 在目标基因选择、木材DNA提取及生物信息学分析等方面均取得显著进展。在使用优化的微量DNA提取技术的前提下, 干燥木材中也可提取出满足扩增要求的DNA。经过生命条形码联盟等国际机构的长期努力, 确定了rbcL+ matK组合等通用植物条形码标记及ITS2等补充标记, 并建立了BOLD等数据库系统。传统的条形码序列分析主要通过BLAST比对、遗传距离分析及系统进化分析来实现, 近年来随着生物信息学的发展, DNA条码数据库不断完善, 新的数据分析方法和软件正不断涌现。文中在总结现有研究成果和实施规范的基础上, 综述国内外应用DNA条形码技术进行木材鉴别的新进展, 并着重阐述新型序列分析方法和相应的生物信息学工具。

A Review of Wood Identification by DNA Barcoding

Wood species identification has great biological and economic significance, and however, the traditional method predominately based on observation of microscopic characteristics was not able to meet the need of the high-flux and refined identification. DNA barcoding is a technology for biological species classification and identification, based on the specific differences of gene sequence, combining with the bioinformatics technology. Recently, DNA barcoding has been applied in the identification of woody plants and the corresponding timber species, achieving significant progress in target gene selection, wood DNA extraction and bioinformatics analysis. In the use of optimized micro-scale DNA extraction technology, DNA meeting the requirement of amplification can be extracted from drying wood. With the long-term efforts of international institutes such as CBOL, rbcL + matK gene combination were determined as main plant barcode markers while some other genes such as ITS2 were regarded as supplemental markers. Moreover, the BOLD database system was established. The traditional barcode sequence analysis mainly depends on BLAST comparison, genetic distance analysis and phylogeny analysis. In recent years, with the development of bioinformatics technology, DNA barcode database has been constantly improved, and new analysis methods and special software have been continuously emerging. Based on the summary of present research results and implementation standards, this paper reviewed the progress in the application of DNA barcode technology in wood identification both in China and abroad, with the focus on the new sequence analysis methods and the corresponding bioinformatics tools.