国内外野生动物肇事现状及其防控措施

人类活动范围的不断扩张导致野生动物栖息地随之缩小。野生动物肇事现象日趋严重, 造成的农作物损失和人员伤亡事件日益增多, 破坏庄稼、伤害家禽与家畜、伤人是野生动物主要的3种肇事类型。如何防控野生动物肇事以及怎样减少人兽冲突是野生动物肇事相关研究中的热点。文中概述了各肇事类型中典型性动物的肇事现状, 归纳了野生动物肇事的5类防控措施, 包括物理防控、化学防控、生物防控、基因防控以及通过管理手段进行的防控, 并提出了研究展望, 以期加深对人类与野生动物冲突的认识, 并为野生动物防控技术的研发提供参考。

Current Status of Human Wildlife Conflicts and Its Prevention Control Measures in China and Overseas

Wildlife habitats have shrunk largely due to the expansion of human activities. There has been a serious conflict between human and wild animals. Cases of crops losses and human casualties have increased observably. Three types of human-wildlife conflicts were categorized in this paper, i.e., crops destruction, poultry and livestock damages, and human casualties. How to prevent and control human-wildlife conflicts and reduce the damages caused by wildlife are the hot issues in the related studies. The paper also reviewed the typical cases of human-wildlife conflicts and concluded 5 prevention-control measures against the damages by wildlife, including physical control, chemical control, biological control, genetic control, and better-management-based control. The future study in the field was prospected with the expectation to help people better understand human-wildlife conflicts and provide references for the development of prevention-control measures.