影响花生氮素利用的因素研究及高效施氮技术规程

研究了影响花生氮素利用的因素，结果表明：（1）不同基因型花生对氮素利用存在较大差异。土壤供氮率为51．9％～73．7％，其中晋安花生等较高，潍花8号较低；根瘤供氮率为10．5％～37．4％，其中3--XC135、潍花8号等较高，晋安花生较低；肥料供氮率10．8％～15．2％，其中蓬莱小粒皮红较高，3-XC128较低。（...

Study on Factors Affecting Nitrogen Utilization and Technical Standards of Retrenching-nitrogen Cultivation in Peanut

Factors affecting nitrogen utilization in peanut were discussed. Results showed that： （1） The difference of nitrogen utilization among peanut varieties was significant. Proportion of nitrogen absorbed from soil was 51.9%-73.7%. The proportion of nitrogen absorbed from soil Jin＇an was higher than other peanut varieties, and that of Weihua 8 was the lowest. Proportion of nitrogen fixed by nodule was 10.5%-37.4%. The proportion of 3-XC135 and Weihua 8 were higher, but Jin＇an was the lowest among all peanut varieties. Proportion of nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer was 10.8%-15.2%. Among the tested peanut varieties, that of Penglaixiaolipihong was the highest, and 3--XC128 was the lowest. （2） On the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer, applicaton of peanut rhizobia could remarkably increase yield of pod. Compared with application of nitrogen fertilizer, the applying of peanut rhizobia and nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on increasing yield of pod. While it could increase the nitrogen fixation, and it could partly substitute for nitrogen fertilizer. （3） The treatments of application of peanut rhizobia ＋ organic fertilizer and application of peanut rhizobia ＋ ammonium molybdate could increase nodule number and nodule weight, and it remarkably increased yield of pod. （4） Amidonitrogen could remarkably increase root length and root surface area, and enhanced nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen fixation and ratio of nitrogen fixation. But the NO3- -N and NH4＋ -N＋NO3- -N had no obviously advantaged actions on root growth and nitrogen fixation. （5） Technical standards of retrenching-nitrogen cultivation in peanut were established, which include determining suitable target yield, selecting nitrogen efficient varieties, determining appropriate nitrogen fertilizer, reasonably application of slow-release fertilizer, promoting the application of peanut rhizobia, and chemical controlment according to early, less, and many times.