叠氮化钠诱变燕麦M1代的主要性状分析

为明确叠氮化钠(NaN₃)处理后燕麦(Avena sativa) M1代植株主要性状的变化，本研究以两个燕麦品种‘爱沃’(‘Everleaf’)和‘青永久709’(‘Qingyongjiu 709’)种子为材料，设置不同叠氮化钠浓度(0，5，10，15，20mM)和不同处理时间(1，2，3h)，将处理后的种子播到田间，观察M1代植株的农艺性状，并对主要性状进行测定分析。结果表明，NaN₃处理后燕麦M1代的生育期较对照推迟2~5d，株高和主穗粒数明显下降且‘青永久709’的降幅更大，在15mM/3h处理下，与对照相比，其株高和主穗粒数分别下降了24.06%和76.69%。另外，两品种燕麦M1代旗叶长也低于对照，但旗叶宽却高于对照，从而对旗叶面积造成影响。其中‘青永久709’的M1代旗叶面积总体大于对照，但‘爱沃’平均减小了7.23%。NaN₃处理后燕麦M1代各指标均发生了不同程度的变化，其中有效分蘖数和主穗粒重的变化最大。‘爱沃’和‘青永久709’的M1代主穗粒重最大变异系数分别为87.92%和90.80%。主成分分析表明，两品种被清晰地划分为两个彼此独立的类群，不同品种的诱变群体也分属不同的亚群，且‘青永久709’的M1代各指标的变化幅度总体大于‘爱沃’。

Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of M1 Generation of Oat Mutagenized by NaN3

In order to clarify the changes of main agronomic traits of oat (Avena sativa) M1 generation plants after different sodium azide (NaN₃) treatments,the seeds of two oat varieties ‘Everleaf’ and ‘Qingyongjiu 709’were used as materials. Set different NaN₃ concentrations (0,5,10,15,20 mM) and different treatment time (1,2,3 h),and the treated seeds were sown in the field to observe the agronomic traits of the M1 generation plants,and the main traits were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of oat M1 generation after NaN₃ treatment was delayed by 2~5 d compared with the control,and the plant height and grain number of the main panicle decreased significantly,and the decline of ‘Qingyongjiu 709’ was more significant. Under 15 mM/3 h treatment,the plant height and grain number of the main panicle decreased by 24.06% and 76.69% compared with the control,respectively. In addition,the flag leaf length of the two varieties of oat M1 generation also decreased compared with the control,but the flag leaf width increased,which affected the flag leaf area. Among them,the flag leaf area of M1 generation of ‘Qingyongjiu 709’ increased as a whole compared with the control,but ‘Everleaf’ decreased by 7.23% on average. After NaN₃ treatment,the indexes of oat M1 generation changed in varying degrees,among which the number of effective tillers and grain weight of the main panicle changed the most. The maximum coefficient of variation of main panicle grain weight in M1 generation of ‘Everleaf’ and ‘Qingyongjiu 709’ were 87.92% and 90.80% respectively. PCA analysis showed that the two varieties were clearly divided into two independent groups,the mutagenic groups of different varieties also belonged to different subgroups,and the variation range of each index of the M1 generation of ‘Qingyongjiu 709’ was generally greater than that of ‘Everleaf’.