人类活动对新疆阿拉尔灌区地下水的影响分析

本文分析了新疆地下水的转化规律，特别是平原区地下水的补给关系。对塔里木盆地阿拉尔地区开垦后的地下水变化特征和人类活动对地下水的影响做了重点分析。结果表明人类活动改变了水资源的分布状况，使绿洲内部地下水位上升，水质改善；但绿洲以外地下水位下降，河流由于接纳了绿洲排水，水质变差。

EFFECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON GROUNDWATER IN ALAR IRRIGATION AREA IN XINJIANG

Most of the groundwater in mountain area is transferred to ground surface as the runoff in Xinjiang.Groundwater at plain area mainly comes from infiltration of river water,lakes,canal system,reservoirs and irrigation.And 78.5% of it is seeped river water.Infiltrating water in agricultural area is caused by human activities,which has changed the water table and groundwater quality to a great extent,and changed the movement process of groundwater. \ \ Alar irrigation area established in 1958 located in the upper reaches of Tarim River.It has increased the quantity of water within the area and caused the rise of groundwater to draw water from river for irrigation.Irrigation and drain water away to wash salt in the soil have improved groundwater quality in the oasis,but the surface water in Tarim River has mineralized because it takes up salt water drained from farmland.Not only the water table in oasis had gone up,but also it varies obviously in different seasons.It is 1.5￣2.0m higher in summer than in winter,and it would rise for 0.2￣0.5m after each irrigation. \ \ The decline of water table out of oasis has caused the decrease of soil moisture so that the ground surface is quite dry and part of the natural vegetation has died,and the weather with floating dust has increased after 1980. \ \