北方水源区生态输水小流域治理模式探讨

在我国北方水源区,水土流失严重和水资源严重短缺是最主要的生态和社会问题,传统的小流域治理模式已不适应形势的发展,甚至阻碍区域经济社会的全面进步,其水土保持生态建设方略应是把流域上下游水资源优化配置,将全流域的水资源可持续利用作为今后水土流失治理的重要目标,建设生态输水小流域。生态输水小流域治理以生态补偿为前提,强调对小流域进行生态功能分区与定位,总体治理思路是集水区总体弱化治理、生产生活区强化治理、复合区适度治理,水土保持措施配置以最大限度地向下游输水、输好水为原则。

Small Watersheds Treatment Mode of Delivery Ecological Water to Downstream in Northern Headwater Region

The severe soil and water loss and a serious shortage of water resources of the northern headwater region are the main ecological and social problems.The traditional treatment mode is not suitable to development of situation and even obstructs the economic and social comprehensive progress of the region.The general plan of soil and water conservation ecological building should take the optimal allocation of water resources of both upper stream and downstream of the basin and the sustainable utilization of the whole basin water resources as an important objective of the future soil and water loss control and build ecological water delivery small watersheds.The treatment of ecological water delivery small watershed is predicated on the ecological compensation and stresses on zoning and positioning of the ecological function of small watershed.The general treatment idea is to adopt weak treatment in catchment,intensified treatment in production and living area and moderate treatment in recombination region.The layout of soil and water conservation measures should take the maximum delivery to the downstream and providing the best service as principle.