单马达往复式葡萄剪枝机设计与试验

针对机械修剪葡萄茎杆过程中出现的茎杆剪净率低、毛茬面积比较大等问题，设计了一种单马达往复式葡萄剪枝机。阐述了往复式葡萄剪枝机的结构及工作原理，通过对茎杆进行受力分析、利用Matlab软件分析毛茬产生原因，确定了剪切装置刀具参数以及因素取值范围。通过正交试验研究各试验因素对茎杆剪切效果的影响，建立以剪净率和毛茬率为响应值的多元二次回归模型。结果表明，当切削速度1.66 m/s、进给速度1.46 m/s、刀具间隙0.47 mm时，茎杆剪净率为91.71%、毛茬率为3.70%。在该条件下进行了验证试验，得出剪净率为90.66%、毛茬率为4.71%，与模型预测值相近，说明所建模型合理，能够满足实际作业需求。

Design and Experiment of Single Motor Reciprocating Grape Pruning Machine

Aiming at the problems of low pruning rate and large stubble area in grape stalk pruning process, a kind of single motor reciprocating grape pruning machine was designed. The machine was composed of shearing device, obstacle avoidance device and hydraulic control system. The structure and working principle of reciprocating grape pruning machine were introduced, the shearing process was analyzed through the force analysis of the causes of the stem missing shear and the Matlab software was used to analyze the causes of stubble. The cutting speed, advancing speed, tool clearance were analyzed and calculated, and the value range was determined. The cutting speed range was 1.14~2.02 m/s, the feed rate range was 0.83~1.63 m/s, and the tool clearance was 0.3~0.7 mm. The effects of various factors on the stalk shear effect were studied by orthogonal test, a multiple quadratic regression model was established with the response values of shear rate and stubble rate. The results showed that when the cutting speed was 1.66 m/s, the feed speed was 1.46 m/s and the tool clearance was 0.47 mm, the stalk shear net rate and the pruning rate were 91.71% and 3.70% of stubble area, respectively. Verification tests were carried out under this condition, and the net shear rate and pruning rate were 90.66% and 4.71% of stubble area, respectively, which were close to the predicted value, indicating that the established model was reasonable. The order of the influence of the factors on the net shear rate was: cutting speed, tool clearance, and advancing speed; the order of the factors on pruning rate was: advancing speed, cutting speed, and tool clearance. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent structural improvement and performance improvement of the reciprocating grape pruning machine.