南极中山站附近海水微生物多样性和宏基因组分析

以中国第34次南极科考采集的中山站附近海域5个站点海水样品为研究对象,通过Illumina高通量测序,鉴定微生物组成和微生物群落结构,发现中山站取样的海水中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)最为丰富,其次为蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria),属水平上黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)含量最多,均超过20%。首次在南极海水中发现UBA1315属微生物,功能注释分析显示含有丰富的DNA修复基因,可能有助于适应南极恶劣环境。对中山站和罗斯海上层海水以及南北极不同地理位置海水微生物比较发现,变形菌门、拟杆菌门和蓝细菌在所有海水中普遍存在,变形菌门为优势菌,蓝细菌在南极海水中含量丰富,罗斯海上层海水比中山站海水微生物多样性丰富,且主要菌群丰度不同。初步揭示了中山站附近海域微生物群落组成,为后续进一步研究南极中山站海水微生物资源调查和功能开发研究提供一定的基础数据。

Microbial diversity and metagenomic analysis of seawater microorganism near Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

In this study, five seawater samples were collected near Zhongshan Station during the 34th Antarctic expedition in China, through Illumina high-throughput sequencing, the microbial composition and microbial community structure were identified. On the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are the most abundant, followed by Cyanobacteria. Flavobacterium and Psychrobacter were dominant genera, each of them achieved more than 20%. The genus UBA1315 was firstly found in Antarctic seawater, and the function annotation results showed that abundant DNA repair genes in the seawater microorganism, which suggested that it might be helpful to adapt to the harsh environment. Comparison of the microbial community structure between Zhongshan Station and the upper waters of the Ross sea, the results showed that the microbial diversity is higher in Ross sea upper water, and the abundance of the bacterial is different. In the Antarctic and Arctic seawaters, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria are ubiquitously and abundantly present. Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum of waters from both polar regions, and Cyanobacteria is most abundant in the Southern Ocean. This study has preliminarily revealed the microbial composition of the seawater near Zhongshan Station, and provided some basic data for further research on Marine microbial resources investigation and development of Zhongshan Station in Antarctica.