中国耕地健康产能综合评价与试点评估研究

评价中国耕地健康产能状况,分析危及耕地健康的区域性关键问题,对探索可持续的耕地利用路径,维护国家粮食安全与生态安全具有重要意义。耕地健康产能是耕地自然系统与利用系统综合作用的结果,直接计算耕地健康产能状况是复杂困难的。因此,该文尝试采用一种简化的方法评价耕地健康产能,即分别评价耕地健康与耕地产能状况,并通过耦合耕地健康与产能,分析耕地利用合理程度与生产能力之间的相互作用特征。其中耕地健康状况强调从不同方面评价人对耕地利用的适宜程度并体现区域耕地不合理利用的主导因素。该文以全国范围65个县(市)作为研究对象,应用地形特征、土壤性状、耕作条件、环境状况和生物特性5类指标整合影响耕地健康的关键因子并评价耕地健康状况,在此基础上,通过分析指标标准差收敛特征与评价因子的评分规则定义各指标的临界健康与亚健康阈值,将试点县划分为健康、亚健康与不健康3类,进而分析不同健康状况的分布特征。同时,综合区域气候条件、耕地自然条件与耕作技术水平评价耕地产能水平,并分析区域耕地健康-耕地产能作用特征。结果表明,试点县耕地亚健康及不健康类型表现出显著区域性特征,不同试点县限制耕地健康的关键要素存在差异;一方面,耕作条件的亚健康状况普遍(数量占比约40%),表现为耕地破碎化严重以及农田基础设施不完善,也反映出高标准农田建设的迫切需求;另一方面,生物特性形式严峻,表明在气候条件-土壤结构-耕作技术等因素相互作用下耕地保障动物健康生长的能力正面临退化。此外,通过耕地健康与耕地产能耦合分析,该文将试点县耕地健康产能特征划分为"健康-高产能"、"健康-低产能"、"亚健康-高产能"、"亚健康-低产能"、"不健康-高产能"、"不健康-低产能"6类,并分析不同类型区域耕地保护的重点方向,其中"不健康/亚健康-高产能"区域分布广泛,是中国实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略的关键地带,应兼顾耕地健康与耕地产能,加强提升耕地健康状况的方法研究与实践。该项研究为耕地健康产能提升提供科学依据,为不同区域耕地资源保护路径设计提供有效支撑。

Cultivated land health-productivity comprehensive evaluation and its pilot evaluation in China

Abstract: Evaluation of the healthy productivity of cultivated land in China, analysis of key problems of different regions that endangers cultivated land health is of great significance to explore sustainable cultivated land utilization path and safeguard national food security and ecological security. The evaluation of cultivated land healthy productivity should be executed base on integration of existing evaluation indicators system and evaluation method achievements and clarification of key factor states and driving processes that affecting cultivated land health from the perspective of cultivated land components. And interaction characteristics between cultivated land health and cultivated land productivity should be analyzed by coupling them with each other. In this paper, we selected 65 counties (cities) nationwide as research regions with considering the difference of climate conditions in different regions of China, and used 5 categories of indicators including topographic characteristics, soil properties, tillage conditions, environmental conditions and biological characteristics to present the cultivated land health status. And on that basis, we defined critical health threshold and critical sub-health threshold of different indicators by analyzing counties'' indicator standard deviation convergence characteristics and scoring rules. We divided all pilot counties into three statuses: Health, sub-health and unhealth, and analyzed spatial distribution features of counties with different health status. Furthermore, regional climate conditions indicator, cultivated land natural conditions indicator and tillage technique level indicator had been synthetically integrated to evaluate the productivity of cultivated land, and regional cultivated land health-productivity interaction characteristic had been analyzed. Experimental result showed that counties whose cultivated land in sub-healthy or unhealthy status expressed significant regional features, and the key factors of limiting cultivated land health were different among pilot counties. On the one hand, the sub-health status cases caused by inferior farming conditions indicator were more common (accounting for nearly 40% of pilot counties) than other indicators, which was not only manifested by serious fragmentation of cultivated land and imperfect farmland infrastructure, but also reflected the urgent requirement for promoting high-standard farmland construction. On the other hand, the form of biological characteristics was severe, indicating that under the interaction of climatic conditions, soil structure and tillage technology, the ability of cultivated land to guarantee the healthy growth of animals was facing degradation. Furthermore, through coupling analysis of cultivated land health and cultivated land productivity, we divided the cultivated land healthy productivity characteristics of pilot counties into six categories: "health-high productivity", "health-low productivity", "sub-health-high productivity", "sub-health-low productivity", "unhealth-high productivity" and "unhealth-low productivity", and respectively analyzed the regional farmland protection directions for each category. "Sub-health/unhealth-high productivity" type was widely distributed, which was the core region for implementation of "storing grain on land and storing grain in technology" strategy in China. Therefore, it is necessary to give consideration to the health and productivity of cultivated land in this region, and strengthen the research and practice on methods to improve the health of cultivated land. This study provides scientific basis for improving cultivated land healthy productivity and provides effective support for designing protection paths of cultivated land resources in different regions.