不同精粗比日粮对围产期奶牛健康状况的影响

本试验研究了不同精粗比日粮对奶牛血液pH、尿液pH、采食量及产后瘫痪、胎衣不下、产褥热等健康指标的影响。选择10头预产期相同,体重、体况相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,试验1组(CS组)饲喂以玉米秸秆为粗饲料来源的日粮,日粮精粗比接近6:4;试验2组(MF组)饲喂以羊草、苜蓿和玉米青贮为粗饲料来源的日粮,日粮精粗比接近4:6。试验结果显示,CS处理组奶牛产前、产后干物质采食量均极显著高于MF组(P<0.01),且CS处理组奶牛产后干物质采食量增长较快、幅度较大。另外,试验结果还发现,MF处理组尿液pH显著高于CS处理组(P<0.05),两处理组奶牛产前、产后血液pH没有差异(P>0.05)。此外,MF处理组产后疾病的发生率显著高于CS组。试验结果表明,围产期奶牛饲喂精料水平较高的日粮对奶牛产后的健康状况更加有利。

Effect of Different Forage to Concentrate Ratio Diets on Health of Dairy Cows in Perinatal Period

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different forage to concentrate diets on cow’s health. Ten Chinese Holstein cows with same expected calving date, similar body weight and body condition score were randomly assigned into two treatments,low quality forage (corn straw) and high concentrate diet(the proportion of F and C was 4:6), and high quality mixed forage (Chinese wildrye, alfalfa hay and corn silage) and low concentrate diet(the proportion of F and C was 6:4). Compared with MF treatment, cow feed CS diet increased dry matter intake (DMI) in prepartum and postpartum period, and the increase extent of DMI in CS treatment was faster than cow in MF treatment. Meanwhile, urine pH was higher in MF treatment than CS treatment (P<0.01), but there was no difference in blood pH between two treatments(P<0.05). Furthermore, MF diets tended to increase disease occur rate after calving. These results indicated that low quality forage and high lever of concentrate diet tended to exhibit positive effects on postpartum cow’s health.