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Variants of a genomic island in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida link isolates with their geographical origins
Institution:1. Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;3. Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada;4. Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;5. Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;6. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;7. Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6;1. Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA;2. Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan;1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;1. Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Pb 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway;2. Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department for Laboratory Services, Pb 750, N-0106 Oslo, Norway;3. University of Bergen, Institute for Biology, Pb 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway;1. Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;2. The UAB Bioanalytical & Mass Spectrometry Shared Facility, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;3. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Abstract:Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen. Analysis of its genomic characteristics is required to determine the worldwide distribution of the various populations of this bacterium. Genomic alignments between the 01-B526 pathogenic strain and the A449 reference strain have revealed a 51-kb chromosomal insertion in 01-B526. This insertion (AsaGEI1a) has been identified as a new genomic island (GEI) bearing prophage genes. PCR assays were used to detect this GEI in a collection of 139 A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. Three forms of this GEI (AsaGEI1a, AsaGEI1b, AsaGEI2a) are now known based on this analysis and the sequencing of the genomes of seven additional isolates. A new prophage (prophage 3) associated with AsaGEI2a was also discovered. Each GEI appeared to be strongly associated with a specific geographic region. AsaGEI1a and AsaGEI2a were exclusively found in North American isolates, except for one European isolate bearing AsaGEI2a. The majority of the isolates bearing AsaGEI1b or no GEI were from Europe. Prophage 3 has also a particular geographic distribution and was found only in North American isolates. We demonstrated that A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida possesses unsuspected elements of genomic heterogeneity that could be used as indicators to determine the geographic origins of isolates of this bacterium.
Keywords:Genomics/functional genomics/comparative genomics  Furunculosis  Fish pathogen  Genomic island  Geographical distribution
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