葡萄核心种质的构建

【目的】在已建立的葡萄初级核心种质的基础上，利用SSR分子标记技术构建葡萄核心种质。【方法】利用M策略（Core Finder和Power Core）、遗传距离法（least distance stepwise sampling，LDSS和genetic distance optimization，GDOPT）和Core Hunter法构建核心种质, 并对He、Ho和 I值等遗传多样性指数和方差差异百分率（VD%）、均值差异百分率（MD%）、极差符合率（CR%）和变异系数变化率（VR%）等表型指标进行统计检验，同时采用SSR和SRAP分子标记的主坐标分析对其进行确认。【结果】M策略构建的核心种质能保留初级核心种质全部的等位基因，遗传距离法抽取的核心种质对原始种质具有较好的代表性。为使所构建的核心种质具有最大的遗传距离和最大的遗传多样性，对M策略、遗传距离法和Core Hunter法构建的核心种质进行了合并，48份葡萄核心种质以最少的种质材料保留了初级核心种质96.21%的等位基因，以5.53%的取样比例代表了原始整体种质92.90%的遗传多样性。【结论】经分子和表型检验，所构建的核心种质具有较好的代表性和遗传多样性。同时本研究所采用的方法对其它作物核心种质的构建具有重要的参考价值。

Construction of Grape Core Collections

【Objective】 Core collections of grape(Vitis vinifera) germplasm were constructed using SSR molecular markers based on the established grape primary core collections.【Method】The methods of M strategy(Core Finder and Power Core),genetic distance sampling(least distance stepwise sampling,LDSS and genetic distance optimization,GDOPT) and Core Hunter were used to construct core collections.The genetic diversity indexes of He,Ho and I and phenotypic indexes of mean difference percentage(MD%),variance difference percentage(VD%),coincidence rate of range(CR%) and variable rate of coefficient of variation(VR%) were used to evaluate the representativeness of core collections.The principal components analysis based on SSR and SRAP markers were also performed to validate the core collections.【Result】 The core collections from M strategy have retained all the alleles of primary core collection,while those from genetic distance sampling have good representative.Core collections from M strategy,genetic distance sampling and Core Hunter were merged together in order to obtain maximum genetic distance and genetic diversity.At last,48 materials of grape core collections retained 96.21% alleles of primary core collection and 92.90% genetic diversity of the original whole germplasm with 5.53% of the sampling ratio.【Conclusion】Core collections constructed in this study were proved to have good representative and enough genetic diversity according to the molecular and phenotypic statistic test.The method used in this study has important reference value for core collection construction of other plants.