基质栽培草莓优化施肥套餐设计与试验验证

在基质栽培下,探究设计的优化施肥套餐对草莓生长状况、产量和品质的影响。以“红颜”草莓为试验材料,以农户传统为对照,测定基质栽培条件下优化施肥套餐对草莓缓苗率、株高、茎粗、叶面积、开花现蕾率、产量、品质和经济效益的影响。与农户传统相比,优化施肥套餐(控释肥育苗、苗期和花期24-8-18+TE水溶肥、果期18-6-31+TE水溶肥)使草莓缓苗时间缩短5-8天,提高缓苗率43.3%,茎粗提高20.4%,叶面积显著增加77.1%；优化施肥套餐显著提高草莓的单果重和果数,显著提高草莓产量40.9%,平均提高每茬果草莓糖酸比15.8%,提高草莓经济效益35795元/667m2。优化施肥套餐能促进草莓的缓苗和生长,显著提高产量,提升草莓品质和经济效益。

Optimization of Strawberry Fertilization Formula in Substrate Culture

The objective is to solve the problems of unreasonable fertilizer input, fruit yield decrease and poor fruit quality under substrate cultivation of strawberry. Taking Fragaria × ananassa‘Benihoppe’as the experimental material, and farmer's practice (FP) as the control, we studied the effects of the rate of recovering, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, flowering budding rate, yield, quality and economic benefits of strawberry under substrate cultivation. Compared with the farmer's practice (FP), the optimized fertilization (OPT) reduced the seedling time by 5-8 days, increased the seedling rate by 43.3%, the stem diameter by 20.4%, and the leaf area significantly by 77.1%. Compared with the FP, the OPT could significantly increase the fruit weight and fruit number of strawberry, and the yield of strawberry was increased by 40.9% , the average enhancement of strawberry acidity was 15.8%, and economic benefits of strawberry was improved by 53.2 yuan/m2.