不同施氮方式对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收与利用的影响

大田条件下以不施氮处理为对照(CK),设置农民传统施肥(FP)、水肥一体化(WF)以及水肥一体化减氮20%(WF-N)4种水氮管理模式,研究氮肥用量及施氮方式对玉米产量形成、氮素吸收及其利用效率的影响。结果表明,同等施氮量下,与FP处理相比,WF处理的子粒产量、穗粒数、千粒重和完熟期植株干物质积累量分别增加9.57%、7.45%、2.41%和9.14%;完熟期植株氮素积累量增加8.77%,氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)、氮肥农学效率(AEN)、氮肥利用率(NUE)分别增加9.57%、45.28%、28.65%。减氮20%条件下,水肥一体化施氮处理的玉米产量及产量构成、完熟期植株干物质积累量与FP处理间无显著差异,其PFPN、AEN、NUE较FP处理分别增加24.34%、21.87%和21.38%。

Effects of Nitrogen Supply Methods on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

We set four water and nitrogen management ways in the field:non-nitrogen application(CK), farmer practice(FP), water and fertilizer coupling(WF) and 20% reduction of nitrogen of water and fertilizer coupling(WF-N). We studied the effects of different nitrogen supply modes on grain yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of summer maize, providing technical support for high yield and production efficiency of summer maize. Compared with FP treatment, under the same nitrogen application rate, the grain yield, kernels per ear, 1 000-kernel weight and dry matter accumulation at maturity of WF treatment increased by 9.57%, 7.45%, 2.41% and 9.14%, respectively. And the nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity increased by 8.77%, and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen(PFP_N), agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen(AE_N), and NUE increased 9.57%, 45.28% and 28.65%, respectively. There was no significant difference between WF-N and FP treatments in the grain yield and its component, and dry matter accumulation at maturity. In the meanwhile, PFP_N, AE_N, and NUE of WF-N treatment increased by 24.34%, 21.87% and 21.38%, respectively, compared with FP treatment.