文冠果种子及苗期生长性状地理种源变异

目的]研究不同种源文冠果(Xanthocerassorbifolium Bunge)的种子形态特征及在山东省安丘地区苗期性状差异,了解文冠果不同种源变异特征,为文冠果在山东安丘地区引种和遗传改良提供参考。方法]以来自山东、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、河北、新疆、陕西等地的27个种源的文冠果种子为研究对象,对其种子形态指标进行测定,并在山东省安丘市开展种源试验。结果]研究发现:不同种源间文冠果表型性状均存在极显著差异(P0.01),且这些差异可以稳定遗传(遗传力均大于0.9);苗期苗高与种源地降水、年均气温及地径与降水之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),苗高与种源地纬度、年均日照及地径与年均日照呈极显著负相关(P0.01),种子长、种子宽、种皮厚均与海拔呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。结论]文冠果表型性状存在丰富的变异,且受较强遗传控制;文冠果苗期性状变异主要受降水、年均气温、年均日照3个环境主导因子的影响,种子性状变异主要受海拔的影响。综合种源苗期生长状况,初步筛选出山东东营、山东安丘、内蒙古库伦、辽宁关山和辽宁海城5个适合安丘地区育苗的速生种源。

Geographic Variation of Seed and Seedling Growing Traits in Xanthoceras sorbifolium

Objective] To provide a basis for introduction to appropriate regions and to further improve the genetic traits of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, the seed morphology from various provenances and seedling growing traits in Shandong were studied. Method] The morphological parameters, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness and seed weight, were measured and provenance test was conducted in Anqiu of Shandong Province with the seeds of 27 X. sorbifolium provenances collected from the provinces of Shandong, He''nan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, etc. ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted with different traits. Result] The phenotypic traits among provenances were significantly different(P<0.01), and their heritability were higher than 0.9, which indicated abundant variation of morphological traits subjected to strong genetic control. Correlation analysis showed that the seedling height had most positive correlation to precipitation and annual temperature, and the base diameter had most positively correlation to precipitation. The seedling height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude and sunshine hours. The base diameter showed extremely significant negative correlation with sunshine hours, too. Highly significant negative correlation between seed size and altitude was also found. Conclusion] There was obvious variation of the seedling and seed morphological characters among the 27X. sobifolium provenances, and they can be stably inherited. The variation of the seedling growing traits is mainly influenced by precipitation, sunshine and annual temperature while the variation of seed traits is mainly influenced by altitude, the variation of biomass of aerial part is the most susceptible to the environment. The correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the phenotypic traits variation are in accordance with the geographic distance and clustering. Five fast-growing provenances and seven high-yielding provenances are selected for experiments and popularization.