有机肥部分替代氮肥土壤硝态氮动态变化特征及玉米产量效应研究

通过田间试验,在氮磷钾等养分量条件下,研究牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪替代25%化肥氮和秸秆全量还田配施化肥对0～100 cm土层硝态氮淋溶和积累及玉米产量构成的影响。秸秆全量还田配施化肥、牛粪替代25%化肥氮处理土壤硝态氮淋溶作用较小,完熟期0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量分别为86.2 kg/hm~2和73.1 kg/hm~2,均显著高于其他有机肥替代化肥处理。习惯施肥、鸡粪替代25%化肥氮、猪粪替代25%化肥氮处理土壤硝态氮淋溶较强,完熟期0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量分别为54.2、65.4、68.5 kg/hm~2。鸡粪替代25%化肥氮处理玉米产量最高,为13 616.9kg/hm~2,比习惯施肥增产13.6%,与其他有机肥替代化肥处理产量差异均达显著水平。在等养分量条件下,有机肥替代25%化肥氮及秸秆全量还田配施化肥均可增加0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量,减少淋溶损失。

Effects of Organic Manure Partial Substitution for Chemical N Fertilizer on the Dynamic Change of Soil Nitrate N and Maize Yield

Under the conditions of equal N, P and K amounts, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional fertilization(T0), cow muck, chicken manure, pig manure substitution for 25% chemical N (T1, T2, and T3), and total straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer(T4), on NO₃^--N leaching and accumula-tion in 0-100 cm soil depth and maize yield components. The nitrate leaching amounts were less under T1 and T4 treatments, with the NO₃^--N accumulation amount in 0-40 cm soil depth were 86.2 and 73.1 kg/ha respectively at maturity, which were significantly higher than that under T2 and T3 treatments. The nitrate N leaching amount in T0 was the highest(68.5 kg/ha) among all the treatments. Under T3 treatment, maize yield was the highest(13 616.9 kg/ha), which was 13.6% higher than that of T0, and also reached up to significant difference compared with the other treat-ments. Under the condition of equal nutrients, T1-T4 can increase NO₃^--N accumulation amount in 0-40 cm soil depth, with the nitrate leaching loss of T4 was the least. Besides, T3 can significantly increase maize yield.