Assessment of Uterine Vascular Perfusion During the Estrous Cycle of Mares in Connection to Circulating Leptin and Nitric Oxide Concentrations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;2. Animal Reproduction and AI Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt;1. Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland;2. Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Sub-Department of Andrology and Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland;1. Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ypäjä, Finland;2. Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Unit of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain;3. Preclinical Institution, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvian University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia;4. Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women''s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK;5. Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland;1. Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada;2. Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, United Kingdom;3. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Platform Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria;2. Section for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria;3. Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria;4. Institut Kuhlmann GmbH, Hedwig-Laudien-Ring 3, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany;1. Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;2. Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to find difference in vascular perfusion of uterine horns or uterine body throughout the estrous cycle and their relation to circulating nitric oxide and leptin concentrations. Five cyclic mares were subjected to transrectal Doppler ultrasonography and blood sampling for 18 days. Area of color and power Doppler modes was measured in pixels. Day (P = .0001) of the estrous cycle and ovulation (P = .0001) influenced uterine blood flow. Uterine body blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day 0 (day of ovulation), and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until days 12 and 10, respectively. Conversely to the contralateral uterine horn, ipsilateral uterine horn blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day −1, and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until day 10. Nitric oxide concentrations (P = .0001) attained two major peaks; the first on day −3 and the other persisted from day 2 until day 5. Leptin concentrations increased (P > .001) with a maximum value on day 0 and then decreased until a minimum value on day 9. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, ipsilateral uterine horn and uterine body blood vessels had similar blood flow. Both leptin and nitric oxide played a role during follicle growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum development and modulated uterine blood flow before and after ovulation. |
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| Keywords: | Blood flow Uterus Estrus Leptin Nitric oxide mare |
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