斑地锦(Euphorbia maculata)入侵特征、地理分布和风险评估

通过对文献和资料的整理,在了解斑地锦生物学和生态学特性、历史和地理分布、扩散模式等的基础上,采用2种风险评估体系,即澳大利亚(或新西兰)风险评估体系(WRA)和中欧风险评估体系(WGWRA)对其入侵风险进行评估。斑地锦原产于北美洲,最早于20世纪40年代在我国东南沿海地区发现归化;目前,已在我国25省70市有分布,并呈现随时间推移不断扩大其分布区的趋势。斑地锦为大戟科有毒植物,种子产量大、耐逆性强,适应多种多样的气候环境,可以在农田、草坪、道旁及荒地等多种生境中建植和归化。一旦入侵成功,则威胁到当地的生态安全和生物多样性。风险评估结果表明,WG-WRA分值为22分,入侵等级为中等风险Ⅱ;WRA风险评估分值为29分,具有很高的入侵风险;其中,农业和环境方面的分值分别为16分和15分。2个风险评估都表明斑地锦在我国有较高的入侵风险,是需要引起警示的外来植物。因此,必须加强对于斑地锦的预报和监测,并做好相应的防控工作。

Invasive Characteristics,Geographical Distribution and Risk Assessment of Spotted Spurge (Euphorbia maculata)

The Australian Weed Risk Assessment System (WG-WRA) and the Risk Assessment for Central Europe (WRA) along with the published literature and available data were used for evaluating the invasion risk of spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) and to better understand its biological and ecological characteristics,historical and geographical distribution,and diffusion model. Spotted spurge,native to North America,was discovered in the southeast coastal areas in China in the 1940s. It has been found naturalized in 70 cities belonging to 25 provinces throughout China,and has a tendency to widening its distribution area over time. Spotted spurge is a poisonous plant,belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family,that is very prolific and able to adapt to a variety of climates,in farmlands,lawns,roads and wilderness and other habitats. As an invasive plant,it presents threat to the local ecological security and biodiversity. Risk assessment results gave it scores of 22 points for the WG-WRA,representing medium risk level. In the WRA risk assessment,it obtained 29 points for a much higher risk,scoring 16 and 15 points for agriculture and environmental risk,respectively. The two risk assessments demonstrated that spotted spurge represents a high risk in China；it requires pre-warning and alarming. Therefore,we recommend giving it special attention and monitoring and also considering prevention and control work in the agenda.