鄱阳湖黑鹳越冬种群数量与空间分布

本研究于2003—2016年采用样线法对鄱阳湖越冬黑鹳种群数量和空间分布进行了同步调查,调查范围包括鄱阳湖周边三市13县72个子湖泊及周边草洲。结果表明:鄱阳湖黑鹳越冬种群数量年平均值为(35. 5±38. 5)只,其中2005年数量最多,为145只。鄱阳湖黑鹳越冬种群数量年际波动较大。共在15个子湖泊记录到黑鹳,主要分布区域为鄱阳县和鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区,其中鄱阳县湖区黑鹳记录总数量为371只,占鄱阳湖区历年黑鹳分布数量总和的74. 6%。鄱阳湖黑鹳越冬种群呈聚集型分布,只有17. 3%的黑鹳分布在鄱阳湖区主要的候鸟保护区内。本研究表明鄱阳湖越冬黑鹳主要分布于鄱阳湖重要的候鸟保护区范围之外,为有效地保护鄱阳湖黑鹳越冬种群,建议加强黑鹳种群监测,建立健全黑鹳种群就地保护体系。

Population Size and Distribution of Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) Wintering in the Poyang Lakes Region

Using simultaneous ground surveys,we monitored the population size and spatial distribution of wintering black stork(Ciconia nigra)at 72 lakes and lakeshores of 13 counties around Poyang Lake,Jiangxi,China between 2003 and 2016.The average population of wintering black stork was 35.5±38.5.Annual counts varied widely from 2 in 2009 to 145 in 2005.Fifteen of the surveyed 72 lakes were inhabited by wintering storks.Storks were mainly recorded at the lakes in Poyang County and at Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve.The lakes of Poyang County accounted for 371 storks or 74.6%of the survey total.The spatial distribution of storks was uneven,with only 17.3%of storks recorded within the nature reserve boundary.Wintering storks were mostly recorded outside the protected areas of the Poyang Lake region.We recommend more intensive monitoring of wintering black storks in this region and establishment and improvement of conservation measures to effectively protect the free-ranging wintering population in the PoYang Lake region.