水肥一体化模式中化肥减施与不同基追肥比例对大蒜产量和品质的影响

为明确水肥一体化灌溉模式中施肥量与基追肥比例对大蒜产量与品质的影响,以山东嘉祥紫皮蒜为试验品种,在减施化肥20%条件下,设置不同的灌溉方式和基追肥比例。结果表明,大蒜水肥一体化灌溉较常规大水漫灌,每667 m²平均节水40.85 m³,节水率平均达52.50%;在不同的基肥追肥比例及灌溉方式中,水肥一体化喷灌并施用基肥60%和追肥40%处理增产效果最明显,蒜薹和蒜头产量分别提高了14.48%和10.89%,且可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量相比于常规大水漫灌处理分别提高了9.01%、15.75%。研究表明,通过水肥一体化模式,在合适的基追肥比例下,能够实现大蒜种植的节水、减肥和增产。

Effects of reduced application of chemical fertilizers and ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers on yield and quality of garlic in integrated mode of water and fertilizer

In order to understand the effect of the appropriate ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers for water and fertilizer integrated irrigation on the yield and quality of garlic, the local purple garlic in Jiaxiang was used as an experimental variety, and different irrigation treatments were set under the fertigation condition with 20% reduction of fertilizer. The results showed that the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation treatment saved about 40.85 m³ of water per 667 m² and the water-saving rate reached 52.50% compared with the conventional flood irrigation. Among different ratios of base and topdressing fertilizers and irrigation methods, the treatment of water and fertilizer coupling sprinkler irrigation, 60% basal fertilizers and 40% topdressing fertilizers had the best effect on yield increase. The yield of garlic sprouts and garlic increased by 14.48% and 10.89% compared with the conventional flood irrigation, respectively. Meanwhile, water and fertilizer integrated irrigation improved the quality parameters of garlic. Soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 9.01% and 15.75% compared with the conventional flood irrigation, respectively. These results suggested that water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and optimizing ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers could reduce fertilizer and water usage and increase crop yields.