牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于3种茄科植物育苗的可行性

为探究牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于茄科蔬菜育苗的可行性,以牛粪堆肥和泥炭为原料,配制100%(体积分数,下同)牛粪堆肥(T1)、75%牛粪堆肥+25%泥炭(T2)、50%牛粪堆肥+50%泥炭(T3)、25%牛粪堆肥+75%泥炭(T4)和100%泥炭(CK)5种育苗基质,开展茄子、辣椒和番茄的育苗试验。测定和分析育苗基质的理化性质,以及3种茄科植物的出苗率,并采用主成分分析法分析育苗基质理化性质与3种茄科蔬菜出苗率的关联性。结果表明:当添加比例不高于75%时,牛粪堆肥可以增加育苗基质养分含量,改善其物理环境。在5种育苗基质下,茄子的出苗率均小于80%,未达到生产实践要求。当牛粪堆肥的添加比例为50%时,辣椒出苗率最高(98%)。当牛粪堆肥的添加比例为25%时,番茄出苗率较高(88%),虽仍低于CK处理,但已可满足生产要求。在茄子育苗中,牛粪堆肥和泥炭均不适用;在辣椒育苗中,牛粪堆肥替代泥炭的比例可达50%;在番茄育苗中,牛粪堆肥替代泥炭的比例可达25%。

Feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants

To explore the feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants (eggplant, chili and tomato), the manure compost and peat were used as the main raw materials for seedling substrates, and five kinds of seedling substrates, including 100% (volume fraction, the same as below) cow dung compost (T1), 75% cow dung compost+25% peat (T2), 50% cow dung compost+50% peat (T3), 25% cow dung compost+75% peat (T4), and 100% peat (CK) were prepared. The physiochemical properties of the five seedling substrates were determined, as well as the emergence rates of three Solanaceae plants. Besides, the principal component analysis was introduced to analyze the relevances within the physicochemical properties of seedling substrates and the emergence rates of Solanaceae plants. It was shown that when the volume fraction of cow dung compost was no bigger than 75%, it could improve the nutrients contents and physical environment of seedling substrates. Under the above five seedling substrates, the emergence rates of eggplant were less than 80%, which did not meet the production standard. When the volume fraction of cow dung compost was 50%, the chili emergence rate was the highest (98%). When the volume fraction of cow dung compost was 25%, the tomato emergence rate was 88%. Although it was lower than that under CK (96%), the emergence rate still met the production standard. In general, neither cow dung compost nor peat were suitable for seedling nursery of eggplant, yet for the seedling nursery of chili and tomato, the substituion ratio of peat by cow dung compost could reach 50% and 25%, respectively.