天津地区野生山樱桃花部结构及生殖特征研究

以天津蓟州区首次发现的野生山樱桃为试验材料,对其花部综合特征、花粉活力、柱头可授性及生殖特征进行研究,以期为樱属植物培育新品种,以及种质资源保护提供理论基础。试验结果表明,山樱桃花瓣直径1.42~1.92 cm,花药黄色,有分泌物,开花时具清香,花期4 d左右;山樱桃花药开裂散粉3 h达到最大花粉萌发率(53.2%);花粉常温保存9 d失去活力,-4℃下保存72 d完全失去活力,-20℃保存120 d完全失去活力。贮藏温度越低,越有利于山樱桃花粉保存。山樱桃盛花期花朵展开较大时具有较强柱头可授性,繁育系统主要为异交繁殖,部分为自交亲和,需要传粉者。

Study on Floral Structure and Reproductive Characteristics of Wild Cerasus serrulate in Tianjin Region

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties and the protection of Cerasus serrulate germplasm resources,the comprehensive characteristics of flower,pollen vigor,stigma and reproductive characteristics of wild C.serrulate were studied with wild variety first discovered in Jizhou District,Tianjin.The results showed that the petal diameter of C.serrulate was 1.42—1.92 cm and the anthers were yellow with some secretions and 4 day flowering period.At 3 h after anther dehiscence pollening,pollen germination rate was the maximum with 53.2%.The pollen deactivated when stored at room temperature for 9 d,-4℃for 72 d and-20℃for 120 d.The results showed that the lower the storage temperature,the more conducive to the preservation of C.serrulate pollen.In the full flowering stage,the stigma possessed more powerful pollination availability when the flower spread was larger.The breeding was mainly outcrossing while some of them were self-compatible,and pollinators were needed.