典型城市废弃物混合好氧堆肥的基本特征及其育苗应用潜力

以园林废弃物、干化建筑渣土、餐厨废弃物有机渣作为堆肥原料,研究不同混合比例下堆体温度和养分的变化,并以最终制成的堆肥作为育苗基质的混合物,明确其对番茄、青瓜、甘蓝种子出芽率和幼苗发育的影响。结果显示,园林废弃物堆体、园林废弃物和餐厨废弃物有机渣的混合堆体在短时间内温度上升至70 ℃以上,并于45 d后缓慢降低至50 ℃左右。其间,堆体的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量,以及含水率逐渐下降,而pH值、电导率,以及速效磷、速效钾含量则基本保持稳定。育苗试验结果表明,制成的堆肥具有较高的电导率,但在试验条件下,对幼苗存活率没有显著不利影响,说明园林废弃物、干化建筑渣土,以及餐厨废弃物有机渣通过堆肥处理投入农业生产是具备应用潜力的。

Characteristics of typical urban waste mixed aerobic composting and its effect on seedling growth

In this study, garden waste, dried construction waste, and organic residue of kitchen waste were used for composting at different mixing ratios, and the temperature and nutrients changes during composting were studied. The final compost was mixed with seedling substrates to clarify its effect on germination and development of three kinds of vegetables (tomato, cucumber, cabbage). The results showed that the temperature of the mixture of garden waste and the mixture of garden waste and organic residue of kitchen waste rose to above 70 ℃ immediately, and slowly decreased to about 50 ℃ after 45 days during the composting. During this process, the organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents and moisture content gradually decreased, while pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and contents of available phosphorus and available potassium remained stable. The final compost showed high EC value. However, when it was mixed with seedling substrate, it showed no significant adverse effect on the survival rate of vegetable seedlings under the experiment conditions. Thus, it showed potential of applying garden waste, dried construction waste, and organic residue of kitchen waste in agricultural production through composting