Effect of Flooding on Contamination of Agricultural Soils with Metals and PAHs: The Middle Vistula Gap Case Study |
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Authors: | Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas Bozena Smreczak Rafa? Ga??zka |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland |
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Abstract: | During the intensive flood in May–June 2010, the floodplains in Little Poland Vistula Gap, used mostly for agriculture, were
waterlogged for a period of over 1 month. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the flood on the level of contamination
of the soils in this region. The analysis included basic physicochemical soil properties, contents of ten metals, and concentrations
of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The studies cover two territories on opposite sites of the river Vistula (Wilkow
and Janowiec) differing in their areas (70 and 4.6 km2) and time of water logging (30 and 10 days). Forty soil samples were collected from both areas immediately after the flood
event from the upper (0–30 cm) soil layer together with four samples from the 30–60-cm depth layer. This was supplemented
by eight samples from the flood-deposited sediment layer (thickness, 2 cm). The concentrations of identified metals (As, Ba,
Cr, Sn, Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb) at all the sampling points were below the Polish legal limits for the upper layer of soils
for agriculture use. The same regarded the median contents of nine PAHs compounds specified in the Polish regulations. In
both areas, the median contents of Σ16 PAHs (0.21–0.35 mg kg−1), Zn (10.3–10.6 mg kg−1), Pb (9.2–10.7 mg kg−1), and Cd (0.03 mg kg−1) were much below the mean concentrations of those contaminants in arable soils on the national and European levels. The results
show that this severe flooding episode in “clean” agricultural area had no immediate negative impact on the soils as regards
the basic physicochemical properties (organic matter content, acidity, nitrogen content) and did not result in excessive soil
contamination. |
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