葡萄砧木组培快繁研究

[目的]建立葡萄无病毒苗木繁育体系。[方法]以3个葡萄砧木品种3309、101-14 mg、trup的单芽茎段为材料,对其进行一定时间的预培养,探讨外植体来源、取材季节、培养基类型、激素配比等关键因素对葡萄组培快繁的影响。[结果]预培养后取材的外植体的污染率和褐死率分别为20.00%~28.33%和10.00%~13.33%,室外直接取材的外植体的污染率和褐死率分别为56.67%~81.67%和20.00%~25.00%;以1/2MS为基本培养基最有利于葡萄外植体萌发,各品种腋芽的萌发率均达到60%~72%;春季取材的外植体萌芽率较高,且萌发所需时间较短;3个品种的最适初代培养基为1/2MS＋0.05 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IBA,最适继代和生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.05 mg/L IBA和1/2MS＋0.2 mg/L IBA。[结论]该研究对促进葡萄产业化发展具有积极意义。

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Grape Rootstock

[Objective]The study was to establish the virus-free seedling breeding system of grape.[Method] The shoot stem-segments with single bud of 3 grape rootstock varieties 3309,101-14 mgt and rup were taken as the materials.They were pre-cultured for some time to explore the effects of key factors such as explant source,sampling seasons,medium types and hormone ratio on tissue culture and rapid propagation of grape.[Results]The contamination rate and frequency of callus brown of the pre-cultured explants were 20.00%~28.33% and10.00%-13.33% resp,and those of explants sampled outside were 56.67%-81.67% and 20.00%-25.00% resp.1/2MS basic medium was the most beneficial to germination of grape explants,and the germination rate of axillary buds of all varieties were 60%-72%.The germination rate of explants sampled in spring was higher and the required time of germination was shorter.The optimum initial medium for 3 varieties was 1/2MS +0.05 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA,the optimum subculture and rooting medium were 1/2MS +0.05 mg/L IBA and 1/2MS +0.2 mg/L IBA.[Conclusion]The study had positive significance in accelerating industrial development of grape.