生物有机肥对杨梅凋萎病防控及其树势恢复的影响

凋萎病是目前杨梅产业的最主要病害。本试验研究鸡粪复合菌肥、羊粪复合菌肥和蚯蚓粪复合菌肥3种生物有机肥对该病害的防控效果及其树势恢复的影响。结果表明,施用3种生物有机肥对凋萎病的防效达35.2%~49.6%。三种生物有机肥处理的树体叶片氮、钾、铁、铜、锌、钙、锰的含量均比对照高;土壤pH值降低,有机质和氮、磷、钾、硫、硼、锌、铜等土壤元素含量均高于对照;植株梢粗、叶长、叶绿素含量及光合速率分别比对照高15.0%~24.5%、4.3%~12.7%、1.4%~6.5%、40.2%~81.3%;可溶性固形物、维生素C和总糖含量分别比对照提高10.2%~19.0%、0.3%~23.9%、3.3%~11.2%,可滴定酸比对照降低2.2%~22.0%。综上所述,生物有机肥可减轻杨梅凋萎病的发生,促进杨梅植株生长树势恢复,提升果实品质,建议适量施用生物有机肥作为基肥。

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on twig blight disease control and recovery of tree vigor in bayberry

Twig blight disease of bayberry is the most important disease in bayberry industry at present. In this study, the effects of three bio-organic fertilizers, chicken manure, sheep manure and earthworm manure, on the disease control and tree vigor recovery were studied. The results showed that the control effect of three bio-organic fertilizers on twig blight disease was 35.2%-49.6%. The contents of nitrogen, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, calcium and manganese in leaves of three bio-organic fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the control. The content of organic matter and soil elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron, zinc and copper were higher than those of the control. Plant shoot diameter, leaf length, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were 15.0%-24.5%, 4.3%-12.7%, 1.4%-6.5%, 40.2%-81.3% higher than those of the control, respectively. The contents of soluble solids, vitamin C and total sugar were increased by 10.2%-19.0%, 0.3%-23.9%, 3.3%-11.2% respectively and titratable acid was decreased by 2.2%-22.0% compared with the control. In summary, bio-organic fertilizer could reduce the occurrence of bayberry twig blight disease, promote the plant growth and restore the tree vigor of bayberry, and improve fruit quality. It was suggested that appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer in bayberry production.