我国水土保持情况普查及成果运用

2010年至2012年开展了第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况普查。此次普查采用的方法、手段,获取的资料信息和组织方式等方面在我国土壤侵蚀普查历史上均创造了多个首次。通过普查,全面查清了我国土壤侵蚀的面积、分布与强度,首次查清了西北黄土高原区和东北黑土区侵蚀沟道的数量、分布与面积以及水土保持措施的类型、数量与分布。普查结果客观反映了我国水土流失现状和多年来的防治成效,为国家宏观生态建设决策与水土流失防治提供科学依据。建议今后突出重点加快水土流失治理,继续推进大面积生态修复,加大坡耕地和沟道综合治理力度,积极开展生态清洁小流域建设,全力推动水土保持信息化建设。

Soil and water conservation survey in China and its application

The first national survey for water and meanwhile for soil erosion was conducted during the period of 2010-2012. The adopted survey methodology, acquired data, organizing mode were harmonized unprecedently in this national soil erosion survey. Through this survey, the soil erosion area, distribution and intensity were clarified at the national scale. Furthermore, the quantity, distribution area of the eroded gullies in the northwest Loess Plateau and northeast black earth regions were also quantified for the first time, as well as the implemented type, quantity and distribution of the respective prevention measures. These survey results objectively reflected the national status of soil and water losses and the effects of long term protecting efforts, moreover, provided a scientific basis for decision--making for national ecological construction, and soil and water conservation as well. It is recommended that the next steps would be to strengthen the soil and water conservation course, especially focusing on specific regions, to advance the ecological restoration at larger scale, to intensify the comprehensive treatment of sloping croplands and eroding gullies, to initiate ecologically clean watershed projects and to reinforce the information construction of soil and water conservation.