蛇屋山金矿生态环境损害与尾矿植被恢复模式

金矿的开采,对矿区生态环境造成严重的损害。基于矿区植被恢复与生态重建的相关理论,通过野外调查和试验分析,研究金矿开采对矿区生态环境的损害以及植被恢复的模式。结果表明:1)金矿开采导致土壤结构不良、养分流失、肥力下降、重金属富集和有毒物质残留,造成矿区植被退化、生物多样性减少或丧失、群落结构单一化;2)基于对现有植被恢复模式存在问题的讨论,通过限制性因子、生物生态学特性和环境修复能力分析,确定科学的植被恢复物种,提出"乔灌草搭配、灌草先行"和"人工恢复与自然演替相结合"的配置与恢复模式,确定"首先先锋植物(人工选择草本植物)+自然生长草种,然后灌木,其次乔木"的矿区植被恢复过程。研究结果可为开展金矿尾矿植被恢复和同类矿迹地生态重建提供理论参考。

Damage on eco-environment and re-vegetation patterns of tailings in Shewushan Gold Mine

Serious damage on ecological environment happened due to gold mine exploiting. According to the theories of vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction, we analyzed the damage in mining area and explored the best model of vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. The results showed that gold mine exploition caused the destruction of soil structure, the loss of soil nutrient, the enrichment of heavy metal, and the reduction of species diversity and the single structure of plant community. Based on the analysis of the limiting factor of environment and the existing model of vegetation recovery, we indicated that reasonable match of arbor, shrub and grass was very important, especially the shrub and grass. The best method of vegetation restoration should follow the order of pioneer plant, local grass, shrub and arbor. The results of this study would finally provide a theoretical reference for gold mine tailings vegetation recovery and similar ore slash ecological reconstruction.