天津野生大豆(Glycine Soja Sieb.and Zucc.)的生态特性及利用价值研究

从三个方面对天津野生大豆进行了观察、研究.1.生态型的特点:(1)在低温,较干旱,吸水较少的情况下,种子先于杂草萌发出土,孤株立于杂草萌发之前;(2)营养生长与生殖生长自我调控能力强.条件适宜时,分枝上结分枝并众株结伴将杂草遮盖独占空间;条件低劣时,营养生长,调节生殖生长,缩短营养生长阶段,调整粒、茎比值,保证一定量的成熟种子.2.生态特性:野生大豆具有3个独特的生态特性(并多具有双层性或多层性).(1)自我保获性:表现在种子粒小、色暗、硬实多、休眠期长、豆荚极易炸荚等;(2)抵御适应性:表现在种子二次休眠性和幼苗、营养生长前期对环境条件的敏感性、茎秆的再生性以及对病、虫害的抵御性;(3)传播繁衍性:表现在炸荚传播和“两多”繁衍.3.营养品质及利用价值分析:(1)天津野生大豆蛋白质含量高,灰分多,用来改良栽培大豆的蛋白质含量及其品质;(2)用野生大豆创造抗逆性育种的杂交亲本,以此提高栽培大豆的抗逆性.

Ecologic Characteristic and Utilizable Value Studies on Tianjin Wild Soybean

We have carried on three systematic studies on Tianjin wild soybean, the results as following:1. Ecotype characters :1) Under low temperature and dry conditions, the wild soybean can sprout before all weeds, so it usually outgrows weeds with a single sprout.2) Under suitable condition, its bifurcation can grow out branchy stem and can take up much growing space over weeds.3) It has strong self - regulation ability between its vegetative and reproductive growth, under unfavorable condition, it can control its own vegetative growth and speed up its reproductive growth so that it can always secure some quantity of ripe seeds.2. Ecologic characteristic: it has formed a special ecologic characteristic after long -period adaptation to natural conditions, it shows as following three ways:1) Self - generating protection. : It has small black hard seed with a long - period dormancy and which can shatter easily.2) Strong adaptation: Its seed can show second -time dormancy and strong sensibility to surrounding condition during its seedling period and early days of vegetative growth. Its stem has ability of reproduction and resistance to pest.3) Propagating fecundity: this shows mainly by the shattering propagation and "two lots" reproductive capacity.3. Utilizable value:1) It can be used to improve protein content among cultivated variety;2) It can be used as a cross parent in soybean breeding to create its resistance;3)It has protein, calcium, iron content and also glutamic acid content among amino acid.