七种新烟碱类杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫及蚯蚓的选择毒力

为筛选出高效安全的韭蛆防治药剂，室内采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法比较了吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉与毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种对照药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒力，同时用人工土壤法测定了13种药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性，并通过盆栽试验验证了其对韭蛆和蚯蚓的选择毒力。结果表明，吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫的毒力明显高于6种对照药剂，对虫酰肼的相对毒力倍数分别为101.6、55.0、32.9、27.2、13.6；13种供试药剂中，除吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺对蚯蚓中等毒性外，其余均为低毒；盆栽试验中，吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻唑膦、高效氯氟氰菊酯的防虫效果和保苗效果均分别高于其它药剂，但其中只有噻虫嗪对蚯蚓没有明显致死作用。

Selective toxicity of seven neonicotinoid insecticides to fungus gnat Bradysia odoriphaga and earthworm Eisenia foetida

In order to screen pesticide both efficient and secure for controlling fungus gnat Bradysia odoriphaga, the toxicities of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid were tested, together with the other six control pesticides. Stomach-contact combination toxicity method was adopted, meanwhile, acute toxicity of pesticides above to earthworms was determined using artificial soil method. Selective toxicity of pesticides to B.odoriphaga and earthworms were confirmed by pot experiments. The results showed that the toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam to the 4th instar larvae of B.odoriphaga were significantly higher than those of six controlled pesticides and the LC₅₀ of these five pesticides to tebufenozide were 101.6-, 55.0-, 32.9-, 27.2-, 13.6-folds respectively. For the 13 pesticides, the toxicity of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin and dinotefuran to earthworms were medium while the other pesticides were low. In the pot experiments, the insecticidal effect and seedling protecting effect of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, fosthiazate and lambda-cyhalothrin were better than the other pesticides, and only thiamethoxam had inconspicuous lethality.