植物新品种“先用权”的法律思考——以一起“主张植物新品种先用权”案为例

先用权在专利法中是针对"先申请原则"的一种救济性措施。在植物新品种权申请中,我国也采取先申请原则,先用权制度所要避免的不公平现象在植物新品种的申请和获权中同样存在。从《种子法》和《植物新品种保护条例》的规定来看,我国对植物新品种"先用权"是禁止的,以植物新品种"先用权"为由主张权利是有法律障碍的。因此,文章中原告主张的植物新品种"先用权"在现行法律中缺乏法律基础。但从公平的角度分析,先用权制度应当在植物新品种中占有一席之地。

Thinking About New Plant Varieties' Priority of Application, Taking the Legal Case That Claims New Plant Varieties' Priority of Application for an Example

Priority of application is a kind of relief remedy which aims at in the patent law 'first-to-the-file principle' in our country. While applying for new plant varieties' rights, first-to-the-file principle is also adopted. The unfair phenomena, which the priority of application system is trying to avoid, appear in the course of application and in obtaining of new plant varieties' rights. According to the current Seed Law and Regulations on New Plant Varieties' Protection, priority of application to the new plant species is forbidden in our country. There exist law obstacles when insisting on priority of application to claim new plant varieties' rights. In that case, the plaintiff's claim of new plant varieties' right is short of law foundation. But for the perspective of fairness, there should be the priority of application system.