UV-B增强对作物生产影响的研究回顾与展望

大气平流层臭氧耗损引起的地表紫外辐射(UV-B)增强是气候变化问题之一。UV-B辐射增强对作物生长、生理代谢、产量及品质的影响受到人们普遍关注。通常借助两种方法开展模拟试验研究,即平方波模型法和太阳追踪模型法。UV-B辐射增强引起作物生长受阻、分蘖数减少、株高下降、叶面积和叶绿素含量下降、光系统Ⅱ受抑、光合效率降低;UV-B辐射增强导致活性氧代谢失衡、叶片气孔器受到破坏、叶绿体结构变形、基粒片层排列紊乱;UV-B辐射增强使作物有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重下降,导致产量下降;UV-B辐射增强对籽粒蛋白质影响因作物、品种而异。未来应加强UV-B辐射增强影响作物内源激素代谢分子机制研究、区域和全球模拟及其应对措施研究。

Crop growth, yield and quality as affected by ultraviolet-B (UV-B)radiation elevating

Elevated UV-B radiation on the ground surface due to ozone depletion in the stratosphere has become one of the important is sues in global change.Elevated UV-B radiation depressed plant growth,with reduced tiller numbers and plant height,decreased leaf area and chlorophyll content,depressed PSⅡand photosynthetic efficiency.Elevated UV-B radiation resulted in the imbalance of reactive oxy gen metabolism,damage to the stomatal apparatus of the blade,the chloroplast structural deformation,and the disorder of the arrangement of GRANA lamellae.Elevated UV-B radiation reduced the number of effective panicles,grain number per ear,thousand-seed weight,and yield.The effect of elevated UV-B radiation on protein content in seed varied with crop types and cultivars.Further researches are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism of endogenous hormone metabolism in crops as affected by elevated UV-B radiation,crop model simulation at regional and global scales,interaction of elevated UV-B radiation with other environmental factors as well as its counter mea sures.