白皮松种质资源鉴定与评价

采集白皮松3个新变异类型(盆仙白皮松、瑞王白皮松、9号树)、北京良种基地母树、北京市挂牌古树等共48个样品,应用SSR技术,对上述样品分别进行鉴定和多样性评价。结果表明:同一个变异类型的无性系与其原变异枝之间在所有位点上均不存在差异,说明其无性系及其原变异枝属于相同的基因型,"瑞王白皮松"和其母株(古树152)非变异枝间在SSR—Y5位点上存在差异,"瑞王白皮松"与"盆仙白皮松"在SSR—Y2位点上存在差异。"9号树"在Y2、Y5 2个位点上与"盆仙白皮松"、"瑞王白皮松"不同,而与其母树群体莽山良种基地的母树相同。可以通过上述位点的检测来鉴定3个不同的变异类型。"盆仙白皮松"、"瑞王白皮松"和"9号树"、古树群组、莽山群组间的遗传距离分别为0.021 1、0.011 4、0.081 3、0.063 8。"瑞王白皮松"与"盆仙白皮松"间、"瑞王白皮松"与古树间存在遗传上的差异。参试样品的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon’s信息指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、Nei’s多样性指数(Nei’s)的平均值分别为1.230、0.302、0.221、0.189、0.197。多样性水平略高于白皮松人工群体而与白皮松天然群体接近,说明参试样品具有较高的遗传多样性水平,具有选择利用的遗传基础较好。

Identification and evaluation of germplasm resources of Pinus bungeana

In this paper,a total of 48 samples including three Pinus bungeana variations “Penxian bungeana”,“Rui-wang bungeana”and “ancient tree No.9”) with their parent strain,mother trees in certified seed base and listed ancient trees in Beijing were selected to make SSR identification and diversity evaluation through SSR technology.The re-sult showed that:There was no difference between all sites of two clones and their original strains (original variation sticks)of a same variation type,which meant the clones and the original strains (original variation sticks)were of a same genotype.There was a difference between “Ruiwang bungeana ”and the non-variation stick of locus Y5 its mother plants (ancient tree No.152),and there was also a difference between “Ruiwang bungeana ”and the locus Y2 of the “Penxian bungeana ”.Differences also appeared between the locus Y2 of “Tree No.9”and “Fairy Ball Pinus bungeana ”,locus Y5 of “Tree No.9”and “Ruiwang bungeana ”,while the locus Y2 and locus Y5 of “Tree No.9”were the same as the certified seed base in Mountain Mang,which was their parent group.Three different variation types can be detected through the above loci.The genetic distance between “Penxian bungeana”,“Ruiwang bungeana”and “Tree No.9”, listed tree group and tree group in Mountain Mang were:0.0211,0.0114,0.0813,0.0638,respectively.The results further show that there were differences between “Pinus bungeana ”and “Penxian bungeana”,the same between “Rui-wang bungeana”and the listed trees.The averages of effective number of alleles (Ne),Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He)and Nei’s diversity heterozygosity (Nei’s)of the tested numbers were 1.230,0.302,0.221,0.189,0.197,respectively.Diversity levels slightly higher than artificial groups of Pinus bungeana and close to natural populations of Pinus bungeana,indicating that the tested sample had a higher level of genetic diversity and a better genetic basis which can be chosen from and used.