淡水鱼内脏研制宠物食品的工艺研究

[目的]探索淡水鱼内脏研制宠物食品的工艺。[方法]以淡水鱼内脏为原料,比较酶解法与离心法对提取鱼内脏中蛋白质的影响,通过膨化工艺参数选择试验考察挤压温度、螺杆转速、喂料速度等因素对产品质量的影响,确定宠物（猫狗）食品最佳工艺参数。[结果]用离心法处理鱼内脏,蛋白质回收率可达85.48%,但处理后滤渣较多。用酶解法处理鱼内脏,蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分回收率高,滤渣少,酶解最佳条件是：酶解温度50℃,复合酶添加量0.6%,木瓜与风味蛋白酶比例为1∶2,料液比为1∶1.5,水解时间为2.5 h。宠物（猫狗）食品膨化工艺参数确定为：各区温度分别是Ⅰ区76℃、Ⅱ区135℃、Ⅲ区176℃,螺杆转速50 r/min,喂料速度17 r/min。[结论]淡水鱼内脏蛋白质的提取工艺,以酶解法优于直接离心法。

Discussion on Technology of Producing Pet Food with Freshwater Fish Entrails

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the technology of producing the pet food with the freshwater fish entrails.[Method] With the freshwater fish viscera as the raw materials,the effects of the enzymatic and centrifugal methods for extracting the protein from the fish viscera were compared and the factors such as the extrusion temperature,screw speed,feed speed on the on the quality of product was investigated through the extrusion technology parameter selection test to confirm the optimum technology parameter for producing the pet food.[Result] The centrifugal method used to treat the fish entrails could get the protein recovery of 85.48%,but with more filter residues.The enzymatic method used to treat the fish entrails could get high recovery of the nutrient component such as the protein and lipid with less filter residues.The optimal enzymatic conditions were as follows: the digestion temperature was 50 ℃,the adding amount of the composite enzyme was 0.6%,the ratio of papaya and flavourzyme was 1∶ 2,the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶ 1.5 and the hydrolysis time was 2.5 h.The extrusion process parameters for pets(cats and dogs) food were confirmed as follows: the temperatures in each zone were 76 ℃ inⅠ zone,135 ℃ in Ⅱ zone and 176 ℃ in Ⅲ zone,the screw speed was 50 rpm and the feed speed was 17 rpm.[Conclusion] As for the technology of extracting the protein from the fish viscera,the enzymatic method was superior to the centrifugal method.