地理信息技术在精准农业中的应用

精准农业技术是科技含量最高、集成综合性最强的现代农业生产管理技术之一。其核心思想是实时采集、处理时空差异信息,获取作物生长状况或作物环境胁迫信息,以便及时确定对其投入的量、质和时间,以达到经济、生态和社会效益的统一。因此,以地理信息系统、遥感和全球卫星定位系统为主的地理信息技术是精准农业技术体系的核心技术。该文在分析了地理信息技术发展现状与精准农业技术体系的基础上,对地理信息技术在精准农业中的应用现状和发展前景进行了分析和评述,并提出地理信息技术在精准农业方面应用的产业化途径。

Application of geographic information technologies in precision agriculture

Precision Agriculture (PA) is one of the most advanced management technologies for modern agriculture. To timely collect, analyze spatial-temporal variant information of crop or threatening environment, then fertilize or irrigate crop with right way, we can achieve the goal to harmonize economic benefit, social benefit with ecological benefit. That is to say the core idea of PA is site-specific management, prescriptive farming and variable rate technology. So Geographic Information Technologies (GIT), mainly including GIS, GPS and RS, are core technologies in precision agriculture system. This paper firstly analyzed the progress of GIT, the technical system of PA and its advance, then analyzed and appraised application and prospect of GIT in precision agriculture, and put forward the way of industrialization of GIT in PA.