缓控释肥不同施用量和施用方式对旱作区全膜马铃薯生长及产量的影响

为掌握缓控释肥的施用对全膜马铃薯关键生长指标及产量的影响,分别在高(900 kg·hm-2)、中(750 kg·hm-2)、低(600 kg·hm-2)3种施肥条件下进行了2种不同施用方式即集中沟施(F)与表层撒施(B)的田间试验,并测定了马铃薯主要生长指标和产量。结果表明:缓控释肥施用量对旱作全膜马铃薯主要生长指标、产量及商品率的影响均达显著性差异水平,在施用900 kg·hm-2的高肥量时,其沟施处理HF的马铃薯产量、大薯率和商品率均达到最大,分别达43 608.85 kg·hm-2、72.1%和92.7%。施用方式对马铃薯地下主要生长指标、产量和大薯率均表现出显著性差异,且在3种施肥量下,F处理的马铃薯产量、大薯率和商品率均高于B处理,其中在高肥水平下F处理较B处理平均增产达2 834.54 kg·hm-2,增产率为6.4%。施用量×施用方式对马铃薯各生长指标和产量影响均不显著。综合来看,缓控释肥在较高水平的施肥(900 kg·hm-2)条件下,集中沟施处理有利于旱作区全膜马铃薯产量的提高。

Effects of different fertilization methods and amounts of slow/controlled releasing fertilizer on growth and yield of all-film potato in dry farming areas

In order to investigate the effects of slow /controlled releasing fertilizer on main growth indexes and yield of all-film potato ,three fertilization amounts were designed in a field experiment ,including high level ,medium level and low level fertilizations ,and two irrigation methods ,including furrow fertilization (F) and broadcast application .Main growth indexes and yield of potato were measured .The fertilizer application amount of slow /controlled releasing fertilizer significantly influenced the main growth indexes ,yield and commodity rate of potato .The maximum value of yield ,large tubers and commodity rate of potato with furrow fertilization treatment (HF) were 43 608 .85 kg·hm - 2 ,72 .1% and 92 .7% ,respectively ,when the higher fertilization amount was 900 kg·hm - 2 .The fertilizer application method signifi-cantly influenced the main underground growth indexes ,yield and large tubers of potato .Yield ,large tubers and com-modity rate of potato by the F treatment were higher than those by the B treatment under three fertilization amounts ,and by high fertilization amount ,the yield by the HF treatment was 834 .54 kg·hm - 2 higher than that by the HB treatment , resulting in 6 .4% increase .The fertilization amount × fertilization method did not cast significant effects on all growth in-dexes and yield of potato .In conclusion ,under high fertilization amount (900 kg·hm - 2 ) ,the F treatment should help increase yield of all-film potato in dry farming areas .