对初生仔猪皮肤和毛的初步观察

对哈尔滨白猪初生仔猪19头和东北民猪初生仔猪6头的皮肤结构及毛的几个方面,进行了大体解剖和一般组织学的初步观察。在躯干部测量了八个部位的皮肤厚度。各部位的厚度不同,哈白猪为0.439—0.774毫米;民猪为0.63—0.9毫米。两猪种的皮肤最厚部位均为腰荐背部;最薄部位均为腹下部。民猪腹下部皮肤比哈白猪腹下部皮肤为厚,其它各部位皮肤厚度的均数差异都不显著。表皮薄,厚度较一致。表皮可分为生发层、粒层、明层和角化层。真皮的乳头层与网状层分化不清,大部分地方没有形成乳头,少数地方形成乳头的雏形。网状层的胶质纤维细而短,排列疏松,细胞成分比大猪的密度大。毛囊比大猪的细得多。毛根比大猪的稍细一些。毛囊和毛根的分层结构与大猪相似。胸侧部皮肤内有汗腺存在。皮脂腺极少,只显始基。竖毛肌较发达。在测量过的几个部位中,二猪种的毛由长至短依次为:(1)颏腺部窦毛;(2)眶上部长毛;(3)鬐甲部;(4)额部;(5)胸侧部;(6)肩臂部及腹侧部;(7)臀部。比臀部更短的毛没有测量。二猪种有五个部位的毛均数差异显著,民猪的长于哈白猪的。颧乳头有2—3根窦毛。民猪头部的毛流比哈白猪的复杂一些,其它各部位二猪种相似。对全身各部位的毛流分别绘图,按照毛流的方向不同分成许多区,并予以命名。仔猪毛流类型有:(1)点状分散性毛流;(2)点状集合性毛流;(3)线状分散性毛流;(4)线状集合性毛流;(5)旋毛;(6)逐渐半分散性毛流(为作者新命名)。在不同个体的颈胸腰荐背部正中,一般有三种以上不同类型的毛流。

PRIMARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE SKIN AND HAIRS OF THE NEW-BORN PIGLETS

Several aspects of the skin structure and hairs in 19 Harbin White and6 Min new-born piglets were observed anatomically and histologically.The thicknesses of the skin from eight different regions of the trunk weremeasured and were shown different,the skin of Harbin White piglets being0.439～0.774mm thick and the thickness of the skin in Min piglets being 0.63～0.9mm.In both of the species,the thickest skin was found on the backin the lumbar and sacrum regions and the thinest on the abdomen.To com-pare the skin of the two species,Min piglets' was thicker than that of HarbinWhits piglets only on the abdomen,and the thicknesses of the skin fromother parts of the body were not significantly different between the twospecies.The epidermis was thin and its thickness was relatively even,and it canbe divided into a germinal layer,a granular layer,a hyaline layer and a cor-neous layer.The papillar layer and the reticular layér in the derma had notdifferentiated into two distinct layers yet.There was no papilla formed inthe most part of the skin,but the rudiments of them can be seen in some places.The collagen fibers in the reticular layer were fine,short and looselyarranged.The cellular elements in this layer were more densely populated,thehair follicles much thiner and hair roots a litte bit thiner than those of theadult pig.The lamination of both tha hair follicle and the root was similarto that of the adult pig.There were some sweat glands,and very few sebace-ous glands which appeared only as rudiments,in the skin on the lateral thorax.The arrector muscle was welldeveloepd.Among the parts of skin measured,the hairs of both species can be rankedas follows,from the longest to the shortest:1.the sinushairs in the mental.region;2.the long hairs above the regio orbitae;3 the hairs in the regiodorsoscapularis;4.the hairs in the frontal region;5.the hairs on the lateralwalls of thorax;6.those in the shoulder and humeral regions;and 7.those inthe regio glutaea.The hairs from other regions which were even shorter thanthose in the regio glutaea were not measured.The means of length of the hairsfrom five regions were significantly different between the two species ofpiglets,those from Min pigs being longer than those from Harbin White pigs.There were 2～3 sinus—hairs on the malar papilla.The pulmina pilorumin thehead region of Min pigs was more complicated than that of Harbin White pigs,and the puminae in other regions of the body were similar between Minand Harbin White pigs.The pulminae pilori all over the body had been givennames and divided many regions according to the different directions of them,and their pictures had also been drawn.The types of pulminae pilori in pigletswere:1.the pulmina pilorum dispersing in dots;2.the pulmina pilorum con-verging in dots;3.the pulmina pilorum dispersing in lines;4.the pulminapilorum converging in lines;5.the vortex pilorum;and 6.the pulmina pilorumdispersing gradually and not completely.(All these new names were given bythe author himself).Generally,in different individuals,there were threedifferent types of pulminae pilori on the median of the back in the neck,thorax,lumbar region and sacrum.