4个地方绵羊品种系统发生关系的微卫星分析

试验旨在研究地方绵羊品种的遗传变异,为种质资源评价、保护和利用提供理论数据。利用5个微卫星标记分析4个地方绵羊品种的遗传多样性,根据等位基因组成及频率进行群体遗传统计分析;基于品种间标准遗传距离(Ds)和Nei氏遗传距离,分别构建UPGMA系统发生树。4个地方绵羊品种共检测到70个等位基因,各位点等位基因数(Na)在10~18之间;4个地方绵羊品种平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.81~5.68个,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.6152~0.7373,平均遗传杂合度(H)为0.6711~0.7820;4个地方绵羊品种间遗传分化系数为0.0847,标准遗传距离(Ds)和Nei氏遗传距离晋中绵羊与乌珠穆沁羊为最大(0.5775、0.6126),小尾寒羊与乌珠穆沁羊为最小(0.1542、0.1955),首先小尾寒羊与乌珠穆沁羊聚为一类,晋中绵羊与广灵大尾羊聚为另一类,然后两类聚在一起形成一大类。结果表明,4个地方绵羊品种遗传变异大、多样性丰富;品种间遗传分化小,但小尾寒羊和乌珠穆沁羊与晋中绵羊和广灵大尾羊间已有明显分化。选择的5个微卫星座位均为高度多态位点,可作为有效遗传标记用于绵羊品种遗传多样性和系统发生关系分析。各地方绵羊品种分子聚类关系与其形成史、分化及地理分布基本一致。

Microsateilite Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship in 4 Local Sheep

The purpose of this article was to supply theory foundation for study on protection, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resource by researching genetic variation of local sheep. Genetic diversity of 4 local sheep breeds were analyzed by 5 microsatellite marks. Statistical analysis of population genetics was executed according to the composition and frequency of alleles. UPGMA dendrograms were constructed respectively based on the standard genetic distance and Nei’s genetic distance. 70 alleles were detected in 4 local sheep breeds, the number of alleles among all loci was from 10 to 18, the average effective number of alleles (Ne) was ranged from 3.81 to 5.68, the average of polymorphism information content (PIC) was ranged from 0.6152 to 0.7373, the average heterozygosity was ranged from 0.6711 to 0.7820, and the genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.0847 in 4 local sheep breeds. The standard genetic distance and Nei’s genetic distance between Jinzhong sheep and Ujmuqin sheep were the biggest (0.5775, 0.6126), and between Small-tail han sheep and Ujmuqin sheep were the smallest (0.1542, 0.1955). Small-tail han sheep and Ujmuqin sheep got together first as one type, Jinzhong sheep and Guangling big-tail sheep got together secondly as another type, two types got together last. The results showed that genetic diversity and genetic variance were enriching in 4 local sheep breeds, genetic differentiation among breeds was small, but differentiation had obvious between Small-tail han sheep, Ujmuqin sheep and Jinzhong sheep, Guangling big-tail sheep. The 5 microsatellite loci were all highly polymorphic loci, which could be regarded as the analysis of effective genetic marks on genetic diversity and phylogenesis in sheep. Molecular phylogeny among all local sheep was coincided with the forming history, the differentiation and the geopolitical location.