钾肥不同施用方式对春玉米钾素吸收、利用和产量的影响

以先玉335为供试品种,通过连续两年田间试验,研究不同施钾方式对春玉米钾素吸收、利用和产量的影响。结果表明,1/2钾作基肥施用、1/2钾在拔节期追施的处理产量两年均最高,且肥料回收利用率提高1.7~10.3个百分点,玉米的干物质量和钾素积累量在整个生育期表现最好。施钾可显著提高春玉米产量,钾肥分次施用比一次性基施的产量有所提高。钾肥追施次数过多、追施时期过晚对玉米产量和钾肥利用率的影响均不显著,且不利于玉米营养体中的钾素向子粒转运。综合考虑玉米产量、钾肥利用效率和钾素吸收利用等因素,1/2钾作基肥、1/2钾在拔节期作追肥为最佳施用方式。

Effect of Different Potassium Fertilizer Application Methods on Potassium Absorption, Utilization and Yield of Spring Maize

Xianyu335 was used as the material for the experiment, and the effects of different potassium fertilizer application patterns on potassium absorption, utilization and yield of spring maize were studied by field experiments from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that the yield got the highest value, the recovery utilization rate increased by 1.7-10.3 percentage point, and the amount of dry matter and potassium accumulation were the highest in the whole growth period of maize at the treatment(1/2 base K, 1/2 jointing K) in two years. Potassium fertilizer application improved the yield of spring maize significantly, and the yield of applying potassium at different stages was higher than the treatment of one-time basal potassium fertilizer, respectively. The way of more topdressing number of times and later topdressing stage had no significant influence on maize yield and potassium utilization efficiency, and reduced K translocation from vegetation to grains of maize. Comprehensive factors such as maize yield, potassium utilization efficiency, and potassium absorption and utilization, the optimum application pattern was applied 1/2 potassium as basal fertilizer and 1/2 potassium as topdressing at jointing stage under the experimental conditions.