不同施磷水平对春玉米产量、养分吸收及转运的影响

通过两年田间试验,研究不同施磷条件下玉米产量、养分吸收利用及转运的变化。结果表明,玉米产量随施磷水平的提高先增后降,以施磷90 kg/hm~2处理最高。依据玉米产量(y)和施磷量(x)二次曲线拟合,得出最佳施磷范围为90.1~103.1 kg/hm~2。在施磷水平30~90 kg/hm~2范围内,抽雄期各养分积累量与转运量呈正比;当施磷水平提高至120 kg/hm~2,各养分向子粒转运量出现负效应。相关分析表明,除苗期外,玉米其他生育期氮、磷、钾的积累间及转运间均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,氮、磷、钾积累、转运与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,灌浆期氮、磷、钾素积累与产量间的相关系数最大。玉米磷肥生理利用率和农学利用率随施磷水平的提高先增后降,玉米磷素吸收效率、当季回收率和偏生产力随施磷水平的提高而降低。

Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels on Yield, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Absorption and Translocation of Spring Maize

The effects of different phosphorus(P₂O₅) levels on maize yield, absorption, utilization and translocation of nutrient were studied by the field experiment from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that maize yield increased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels, and the highest value was at 90 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer application. The optimum phosphorus fertilizer rates were 90.1 kg/ha-103.1 kg/ha by simulating between maize yield(y) and phosphorus fertilizer application(x). The amount of nutrient accumulation was proportional to the amount of the translocation at the range of 30-90 kg/ha (P₂O₅) at the tasseling stage of maize. It could cause negative effect for the translocation of N, P, and K nutrition to grain, when phosphorus levels exceeded 120 kg/ha. The correlation analysis indicated that it was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlations between the accumulations of N, P and K at the other growth stage of maize except at the seedling stage, and between the translocations of N, P and K, and between accumulation, translocation of N, P and K and yield. And the correlation coefficient was the largest between yield and N, P and K accumulations at the filling stage. Phosphorus physiological utilization efficiency and agronomic utilization efficiency increased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels. And phosphorus absorption efficiency, recovery rate in the quarter and partial productivity decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels.