Effects of diet composition and ultrasound treatment on particle size distribution and carbon bioavailability in feces of rainbow trout |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Aquaculture, University of Dubrovnik, ?ira Cari?a 4, Dubrovnik 20000, Croatia;2. Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;4. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, PO Box 500, ?etali?te Ivana Me?trovi?a 63, Split 21000, Croatia;5. Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Sveto?imunska cesta 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia;6. Sustainable Aquaculture Systems Inc., 715 Pittstown Road, Frenchtown, NJ 08825, USA;1. Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur (GMA) mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany;2. Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Marine Aquaculture, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Campus Salvador, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, University Nilton Lins (UNINILTON LINS), 69058-030 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Feeding Behavior and Fish Nutrition, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental and Biological (CCAAB/NEPA/AQUAUFRB), Campus Cruz das Almas, Federal University of Bahia (UFRB), 44380-000-Bahia, Brazil;4. Fish Farm Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), 58.397-000, Paraiba, Brazil;5. State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences (UFSC), 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The effect of a high and low non-starch polysaccharide diet (HNSP and LNSP diet) and ultrasound treatment on particle size distribution and carbon bioavailability in fecal waste of rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) was studied. Feces were collected from four flow-through fish tanks, two tanks fed the HNSP diet and two the LNSP diet. The collected feces were sonicated (disintegrated) in duplicate with high-intensity (0.6 W/ml), low-frequency (f = 20 Hz) ultrasound at five different energy levels (0.6 W/ml for 0, 0.25, 1, 4, and 16 min). The particle size distribution of the treated feces samples was measured by wet sieving (1000, 500, 200, 100, 63, 36, 1.2 μm screen size) and total suspended solids (TSS) measurement. Carbon bioavailability in sonicated fecal waste samples was determined with oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests. The results showed that: (1) feces from the HNSP diet contained significant more particulate material and bigger particles; (2) carbon bioavailability was almost three times higher in untreated LNSP feces when compared with HNSP feces; (3) almost 50% of HNSP feces could have been recovered on a microscreen of 36 μm after wet sieving, whereas it was only 10% for LNSP feces; (4) the production of small particles (1.2–36 μm), which could pass a drum filter screen and potentially accumulate in RAS, was approximately 50 g/kg feed, showing no significant differences between diets; (5) sonication increased fecal dry matter below 36 μm (p = 0.015), but it had no significant effect on the median particle size; (6) sonication increased carbon bioavailability with 7–10% for the HNSP feces (p = 0.037); (7) fecal particles withstood up to 16 min sonication at an intensity of 0.6 W/ml and a frequency of 20 Hz corresponding to specific energy input of 20,000 kJ/kg DM without major changes in particle size distribution. The results of this study indicate that the applied ultrasound treatment of fecal waste is not an effective method to increase short-term carbon bioavailability. |
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| Keywords: | Fiber Feces Ultrasound Microscreen Bioavailability Particle size |
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