萱草根素对家兔中枢神经损害的病理学研究

本研究旨在对萱草根素中毒家兔中枢神经系统进行病理学研究。从北黄花菜根中提取萱草根素，用1％的淀粉溶液配制成2％混悬液，试验组家兔每只每天灌服萱草根素混悬液4mL／kg，对照组灌服等量的1％淀粉溶液。于处理后第4、7、10、13、16、19天进行常规病理学检查。试验第4天大脑、小脑、脊髓和视神经中的神经纤维出现脱髓鞘变化，在小脑从白质中央向两侧进行性扩展，在脊髓从边缘向中央扩展，最终呈丝瓜络样变；第7天起，蒲肯野氏细胞和脊髓神经细胞发生固缩、坏死；第10天，大脑神经细胞出现坏死、凋亡，并且数目逐渐增多，出现噬神经现象，视网膜萎缩，节细胞固缩、溶解消失。超微结构观察显示，髓鞘变薄，板层崩解、断裂、分离，失去原来的致密结构；神经细胞染色体边集，线粒体肿胀、消失并空泡化、粗面内质网扩张，结构模糊。结果表明，萱草根素可引起神经纤维脱髓鞘和神经细胞的广泛性坏死，并最终导致家兔失明和死亡。

Pathological Studies on Central Nerve of Rabbits Induced by Hemerocallin

Pathological studies on central nerve of rabbits induced by hemerocallin were carried out.Hemerocallin was extracted from the roots of Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus L.,and suspensoided with 1% starch solution to the concentration of 2%.The suspension was drenched to the experimental rabbits with 4 mL/kg,while control rabbits were treated with 1% starch solution respectively everyday.On the fourth day after treatment,nerve fibers of cerebrum,cerebellum,spinal cord and optic nerve of experimental rabbits began to demyelinate,and the pathological changes in the cerebellum spread from the center of the white matter to the circumference,while reversed in spinal cord,finally they all took on fasciculus vascularis luffae changes.From the seventh day,Purkinje's cells and neuron of spinal cord began to appear pycnosis and necroses.On the tenth day,neuron of cerebrum also took on the same pathological changes,then dead neuron were phagocytosed by colloid cells,and layer of retina became thin,retinal ganglion cells pyknosis were found,and then disappeared.On ultrastructural level,myelin sheath became loose,broken and lost primary compact structure;Bioblast of nerve cells were intumesced,meanwhile,chondriosome were swelled,dissolved,disappeared,existing many vacuoles;Rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated and changed in structure.This research proved that hemerocallin can hurt nerve fibers and nerve cells seriously,and cause cecity and death at last.