工厂化食用菌菇渣理化性状和安全性评价

【目的】对工厂化菇渣理化性状和重金属含量进行测定,为菇渣规模化利用提供理论依据。【方法】收集草腐型和木腐型食用菌工厂化栽培后的4种菇渣,并按照半年、一年自然堆置发酵后采样,对其pH值、EC值、有机质、含氮量等理化性质及菇渣中铜、砷、铅、铬、镉、锌6种重金属等进行分析。【结果】草腐型菇渣EC值在3.775.22mS/cm;木腐型菇渣EC值在2.473.79mS/cm;随着腐熟时间延长草腐型菇渣含碳、氮量增加,碳氮比非常稳定,木腐型菇渣含碳量、氮量明显高于草腐型菇渣,但稳定性稍差。草腐型菇渣As、Cr、Zn偏高;木腐型菇渣Zn含量显著偏高;Cd和Pb含量均未超标。【结论】草腐型菇渣EC值高于木腐型菇渣,木腐型菇渣含碳量、氮量高于草腐型菇渣,本试验所测菇渣Cd和Pb含量未超标。

Physical-chemical properties and safety assessment of industrial mushroom residues

Objective]To provide theoretical basis for the large scale utilization of mushroom residue,we measured physicalchemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of industrial mushroom residues.Methods] Four kinds of industrial mushroom residues including grass and wood rot types were harvested after half and one year natural composting.Then,the physicalchemical properties (pH values,EC values,organic matters,nitrogen contents,etc.) and heavy metals (Cu,As,Pb,Cr,Cd,Zn) were analyzed.Results]The results showed that EC value of grass rot mushrooms were 3.77-5.22 mS/cm and that of wood mushrooms were 2.47-3.79 mS/cm.During the composting process,the contents of carbon and nitrogen of grass type residues were constantly increased,while ratio of carbon and nitrogen was relatively stable.The contents of carbon and nitrogen of wood type residues were higher than that of grass type,but their stability was poor.The contents of Cr,Zn and As of grass type residues were high and the content of Zn of wood ones were significantly high,while the contents of Cd and Pb were not exceeded limitation value of national standards.Conclusion]The EC value of grass rot mushroom residues is higher than that of wood rot mushroom residues.The contents of carbon and nitrogen of wood rot mushroom residues were higher than that of grass rot mushroom residues.The contents of Cd and Pb of mushroom residue was not exceeded limitation value of national standards.