不同郁闭度林下木香薷幼果精油成分与产量分析

【目的】为北京地区发展林下经济提供理论依据。【方法】以不同郁闭度人工林下木香薷幼嫩果为材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备精油,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析其化学成分及相对含量,统计精油得率。【结果】木香薷幼果的精油中共鉴定出48种成分,主要为百里香酚、石竹烯和2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯基乙醛、氧化石竹烯、苯乙酮等;不同郁闭度人工林内木香薷幼果的精油中,百里香酚的相对含量最高,达43.34%~48.17%,石竹烯的相对含量在11.67%~16.86%之间。结果表明,21种成分在木香薷精油成分的研究中未见报道,8种成分在香薷属植物中未见报道,分别是2-烯丙基双环2.2.1]庚烷、2,6-二甲基-1-壬烯-3-辛炔-5-醇、2,5,6-三甲基-3-甲氧基苯酚、八氢-8a-甲基-5-羟基-1-(2H)-萘酮、2,3,5,6-四甲基-1,4-二甲氧基苯、百里醌、长叶醛和2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2.2.1]庚烷。木香薷的生长量在高、中、低郁闭度分别为:20.05,19.91,24.47cm;其单株果序重在高、中、低郁闭度分别为:10.88,23.03,26.9g;其精油产率在高、中、低郁闭度分别为:0.562%,0.614%,0.428%。【结论】木香薷可在北京山区中郁闭度及低郁闭度的林下作为芳香植物进行种植。

The analysis on the component and yield of essential oil in Elsholtzia stauntonii young fruit under forest with different canopy densities

Objective] The aim of this study is to provide theoretical basis for developing under-forestry economy in Beijing.Methodes] The young fruits of Elsholtzia stauntonii under the man-made forest with different canopy density were used as materials.Using steam distillation the essential oil of young fruits was extracted,and then the components and their relative contents were analyzed by GC/MS technique,and the yield rate of essential oil was calculated.Results] 48 compounds were identified in the essential oil,and thymol,caryophyllene,2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde,caryophyllene oxide,and acetophenone were found to be the mian components.Thymol showed the highest relative content under different canopy density,which arrived at 43.34 ％-48.17 ％,while the relative content of caryophyllene was 11.67 ％-16.86 ％.21 components were firstly identified in E.stauntonii enssential oil,and 8 compounds have not been reported in Elsholtzia plants,including 2-allyl-bicyclo 2.2.1] heptane,2,6-dimethyl-1-nonen-3-yn-5-ol,2,5,6-trimethyl-3-methoxy-phenol,8a-methyl-5-hydroxy-1-(2H)-naphthalenone,2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-dimethoxy-benzene,thymoquinone,longifolenaldehyde,and 2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2.2.1] heptane.The heights of E.stauntonii under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 20.05cm,19.91cm,24.47cm respectively.The infructescence weights per plant under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 10.88g,23.03 g,and 26.9 g respectively.The yield rate of essential oil under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 0.562％,0.614％,and 0.428％ respectively.Conclusion] E.stauntonii could be planted udner medium and low forest canopy densities as aromatic plant in the mountain area of Beijing.