湖南报春苣苔的花部特征及其繁育系统研究

目的研究滇龙胆花粉活力、花粉粒形态、柱头可授性、传粉者及访花行为，明确滇龙胆的传粉生物学特征。方法采用TTC染色法、醋酸洋红染色法、I₂-KI染色法和过氧化物酶法检测花粉活力；用FEIQUANTA 200扫描电子显微镜观察花粉粒形态；用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性；人工观察并记录访花者种类及其访花频率。结果最适合测定滇龙胆花粉活力的方法为过氧化物酶法，开花后第3天滇龙胆花粉活力达到最高 (65.98%)。在同一天中花粉活力也会发生变化，开花当天花粉活力在14：00达到最高 (64.71%)，之后花粉活力开始显著下降。滇龙胆花粉粒外观呈球形，具有3条萌发孔沟，属于N3型花粉，花粉外壁条纹形成网格状。柱头在开花第4、5天出现极强柱头可授性，柱头可授性分别达57.69%和63.16%。滇龙胆的访花昆虫主要为蜂类和蚁类，在11：30—12：30访花昆虫数量最多。蜜蜂为最主要传粉昆虫。结论本研究对滇龙胆植物的有性生殖规律具有重要意义，为滇龙胆资源保护和引种栽培提供参考。

Hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese herbal formula,Longyin decoction,on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in chickens

PurposeThe pollen viability, pollen grain morphology, stigma receptivity, pollinator and flower visiting behavior of Gentiana rigescens Franch. were studied to clarify the pollination biological characteristics of G. rigescens.MethodsThe pollen viability was detected by TTC staining, acetic acid magenta staining, I₂-KI staining and peroxidase method. Pollen morphology was observed by FEIQUANTA 200 scanning electron microscope. Stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and the species and frequency of flower visitors were recorded manually.ResultsThe peroxidase method was the most suitable method to determine the pollen vigor of G. rigescens, and the pollen vigor reached 65.98% (on the 3rd day after flowering). The pollen vitality changed during one day. The pollen vitality reached the highest (64.71%) at 14:00 and then decreased significantly on the very day of flowering. The pollen grains are spherical in appearance, with 3 germinal aperture, which belong to the N3 type pollen, and the outer wall of the pollen forms a grid. The stigma exhibited strong stigma acceptability, which reached 57.69% and 63.16%, respectively on the 4th and 5th day of flowering. The flower-visiting insects of G. rigescens mainly include bees and ants, the number of flower-visiting insects was the largest from 11:30 to 12:30 during a day. However, the most important pollinator was bees.Conclusion These results are of great significance for revealing the law of sexual reproduction of G. rigecens. At the same time, it can provide reference for the protection, introduction and cultivation of G. rigescens.